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Általános iskolai szegregáció, I. rész. Okok és következmények
[Segregation in the primary-school system, I. Causes and consequences]

Author

Listed:
  • Kertesi, Gábor
  • Kézdi, Gábor

Abstract

A tanulmány azt vizsgálja, miként erősítheti fel az iskolarendszer a szegregáció mechanizmusai révén a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségeket. Az iskolai szegregáció - különböző származású tanulók eltérő iskolákban vagy osztálytermi csoportokban történő oktatása - többféle mechanizmus következménye lehet: létrejöhet adminisztratív döntések következtében, de felerősödhet spontán módon, egy teljes mértékben szabaddá vált iskolaválasztási rendszer működésének következtében is. Ez utóbbi jellemzi a rendszerváltás utáni magyar iskolarendszert. A tanulmány közgazdasági érvekre és nemzetközi tapasztalatokra támaszkodva kimutatja, hogy a hátrányos családi körülmények közül érkező gyermekek egy erősen szegregált iskolarendszer keretei között - a kortárs csoport hatása és az alacsonyabb hatékonyságú pedagógusi munka miatt - alacsonyabb színvonalú oktatásban részesülnek, mint egyébként részesülnének. Az igen gyéren rendelkezésre álló hazai adatok felhasználásával kimutatja, hogy az általános iskolák közötti egyenlőtlenségek nagymértékben megnőttek a rendszerváltás óta, és ezek valószínűleg növelték az eredményességbeli egyenlőtlenséget is. Az általános iskolai szegregáció fontos tényező lehet annak magyarázatában, hogy Magyarországon nemzetközi összehasonlításban miért kiugróan magas a gyermekek családi háttere és általános iskolai eredményessége közötti összefüggés. A magyar iskolarendszer e sajátossága miatt jelentősen növeli az öröklött társadalmi egyenlőtlenségeket, ami mind hatékonysági, mind morális szempontból súlyosan kifogásolható. A tanulmány első részében elméleti érveinket fejtjük ki, a második részben az iskolai szegregálódás tendenciáiról rendelkezésre álló hazai tapasztalatokat összegezzük. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: I21, J15.

Suggested Citation

  • Kertesi, Gábor & Kézdi, Gábor, 2005. "Általános iskolai szegregáció, I. rész. Okok és következmények [Segregation in the primary-school system, I. Causes and consequences]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(4), pages 317-355.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:756
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Megyeri, Krisztina & Berlinger, Edina, 2015. "Mélyszegénységből a felsőoktatásba [From deep poverty to higher education]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(6), pages 674-699.
    2. Horn, Dániel & Lindner, Attila, 2022. "Kézdi Gábor (1971-2021) [Gábor Kézdi (1971-2021)]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1245-1254.
    3. Kertesi, Gábor & Kézdi, Gábor, 2009. "Általános iskolai szegregáció Magyarországon az ezredforduló után [Primary school segregation in Hungary at the turn of the century]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 959-1000.
    4. Hermann, Zoltán & Horváth, Hedvig, 2022. "Tanári eredményesség és tanár-diák összepárosítás az általános iskolákban. Empirikus mintázatok három magyarországi tankerület adatai alapján [Teacher effectiveness and teacher-student matching in ," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1377-1406.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I21 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Analysis of Education
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination

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