IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/jns/jbstat/v239y2019i4p661-701n5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Unfilled Training Positions in Germany – Regional and Establishment-Specific Determinants

Author

Listed:
  • Dummert Sandra

    (Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Leber Ute

    (Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany)

  • Schwengler Barbara

    (Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany)

Abstract

The current situation in the German apprenticeship market is characterized by two contradictory developments. On the one hand, establishments are experiencing increasing problems filling the training positions they offer, and the number of vacant training positions is climbing. On the other hand, the transition into training is still difficult for many young people, and the number of unsuccessful vocational training applicants is rising. Hence, matching supply with demand is becoming increasingly difficult in the German job market for training positions. Using the Linked Employer-Employee dataset (LIAB) from the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), our paper provides a closer examination of the phenomenon of unfilled training positions. It presents an overview of the evolution of vacant training positions in eastern and western Germany and attempts to explain the number of vacancies by investigating the factors responsible for the establishments’ inability to fill their training positions. We assume that training position vacancies are due not only to internal company reasons such as firm size or the wage offer for apprentices but also to external conditions such as general regional factors. Therefore, our analysis also considers the situation on the demand side of the labor market within a region. The results of our multilevel mixed-effects estimations show that in addition to characteristics on the enterprise level, regional determinants also affect the share of vacant apprenticeships. With respect to establishment-related factors, mainly characteristics that describe the attractiveness of the firm prove to be important. With regard to regional-specific factors, we find that the availability of school leavers in a region in addition to the level of regional-sectoral competition impacts the recruiting success of establishments. Our analysis also shows that there are remarkable differences between eastern and western Germany concerning both the quantitative importance of unfilled training positions and the factors affecting them.

Suggested Citation

  • Dummert Sandra & Leber Ute & Schwengler Barbara, 2019. "Unfilled Training Positions in Germany – Regional and Establishment-Specific Determinants," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 239(4), pages 661-701, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:jns:jbstat:v:239:y:2019:i:4:p:661-701:n:5
    DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2018-0014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2018-0014
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/jbnst-2018-0014?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brunello, Giorgio & Gambarotto, Francesca, 2007. "Do spatial agglomeration and local labor market competition affect employer-provided training? Evidence from the UK," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 1-21, January.
    2. Stockinger, Bastian & Zwick, Thomas, 2016. "Apprentice Poaching in Regional Labor Markets," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145565, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    3. Uschi Backes-Gellner & Simone N. Tuor, 2010. "Avoiding Labor Shortages by Employer Signaling: On the Importance of Good Work Climate and Labor Relations," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 63(2), pages 271-286, January.
    4. Bechmann, Sebastian & Dahms, Vera & Tschersich, Nikolai & Frei, Marek & Leber, Ute & Schwengler, Barbara, 2014. "Betriebliche Qualifikationsanforderungen und Probleme bei der Besetzung von Fachkräftestellen : Auswertungen aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel 2013," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201414, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    5. Mundlak, Yair, 1978. "On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 69-85, January.
    6. Bellmann Lutz & Hübler Olaf, 2014. "The Skill Shortage in German Establishments Before, During and After the Great Recession," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 234(6), pages 800-828, December.
    7. Klosterhuber, Wolfram & Lehnert, Patrick & Seth, Stefan, 2016. "Linked employer-employee data from the IAB: LIAB cross-sectional model 2 1993-2014 (LIAB QM2 9314)," FDZ-Datenreport. Documentation on Labour Market Data 201605 (en), Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    8. Klosterhuber, Wolfram & Lehnert, Patrick & Seth, Stefan, 2017. "Linked employer-employee data from the IAB: LIAB cross-sectional model 2 1993-2014 (LIAB QM2 9314)," FDZ Datenreport. Documentation on Labour Market Data 201605_en, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    9. Gerner, Hans-Dieter & Stegmaier, Jens, 2008. "Unsicherheit und betriebliche Weiterbildung: eine empirische Analyse der Weiterbildungsaktivität unter Unsicherheit in KMU und Großbetrieben," Discussion Papers 58, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
    10. Lutz Bellmann & Katalin Evers & Reinhard Hujer, 2018. "Regional and firm-specific effects on innovations using multi-level methods," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 61(2), pages 319-349, September.
    11. Hinz, Tina, 2016. "Personnel policy adjustments when apprentice positions are unfilled: Evidence from German establishment data," Discussion Papers 99, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
    12. repec:iab:iabfda:201605(en is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Peter Ellguth & Susanne Kohaut & Iris Möller, 2014. "The IAB Establishment Panel—methodological essentials and data quality [Das IAB-Betriebspanel: Methodische Grundlagen und Datenqualität]," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 47(1), pages 27-41, March.
    14. Müller, Steffen & Dettmann, Eva & Fackler, Daniel & Neuschäffer, Georg & Slavtchev, Viktor & Leber, Ute & Schwengler, Barbara, 2018. "Lohnunterschiede zwischen Betrieben in Ost- und Westdeutschland: Ausmaß und mögliche Erklärungsfaktoren. Ergebnisse aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel 2017," IAB-Forschungsbericht 201806, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    15. Ben Kriechel & Samuel Muehlemann & Harald Pfeifer & Miriam Schütte, 2014. "Works Councils, Collective Bargaining, and Apprenticeship Training – Evidence From German Firms," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 199-222, April.
    16. Lutz Bellmann & Christian Hohendanner & Reinhard Hujer, 2011. "Regional Determinants of Employer-Provided Further Training," Schmollers Jahrbuch : Journal of Applied Social Science Studies / Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 131(4), pages 581-598.
    17. Bell, Andrew & Jones, Kelvyn, 2015. "Explaining Fixed Effects: Random Effects Modeling of Time-Series Cross-Sectional and Panel Data," Political Science Research and Methods, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 133-153, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Dettmann, Eva & Fackler, Daniel & Müller, Steffen & Neuschäffer, Georg & Slavtchev, Viktor & Leber, Ute & Schwengler, Barbara, 2020. "Innovationen in Deutschland - Wie lassen sich Unterschiede in den Betrieben erklären? : Ergebnisse aus dem IAB-Betriebspanel 2019," IAB-Forschungsbericht 202012, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    2. Leber, Ute & Schwengler, Barbara, 2021. "Betriebliche Ausbildung in Deutschland: Unbesetzte Ausbildungsplätze und vorzeitig gelöste Verträge erschweren Fachkräftesicherung (Apprenticeship Training in Germany: Unfilled training positions and ," IAB-Kurzbericht 202103, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Uwe JIRJAHN & Stephen C. SMITH, 2018. "Nonunion Employee Representation: Theory And The German Experience With Mandated Works Councils," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 89(1), pages 201-233, March.
    2. Kasraian, Dena & Maat, Kees & van Wee, Bert, 2018. "Urban developments and daily travel distances: Fixed, random and hybrid effects models using a Dutch pseudo-panel over three decades," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 228-236.
    3. Panarello, Demetrio, 2021. "Economic insecurity, conservatism, and the crisis of environmentalism: 30 years of evidence," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    4. Görlitz, Katja & Rzepka, Sylvi, 2014. "Does Regional Training Supply Determine Employees' Training Participation?," IZA Discussion Papers 8101, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Isabel Neira & Fernando Bruna & Marta Portela & Adela García-Aracil, 2018. "Individual Well-Being, Geographical Heterogeneity and Social Capital," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1067-1090, April.
    6. Damien Rousselière, 2019. "A Flexible Approach to Age Dependence in Organizational Mortality: Comparing the Life Duration for Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Enterprises Using a Bayesian Generalized Additive Discrete Time Survi," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 17(4), pages 829-855, December.
    7. Wu, Yu & Sills, Erin O., 2018. "The Evolving Relationship between Market Access and Deforestation on the Amazon Frontier," 2018 Annual Meeting, August 5-7, Washington, D.C. 274317, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Adenuga, Adewale Henry & Davis, John & Hutchinson, George & Donnellan, Trevor & Patton, Myles, 2018. "Estimation and determinants of phosphorus balance and use efficiency of dairy farms in Northern Ireland: A within and between farm random effects analysis," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 11-19.
    9. Martin Schröder, 2018. "Income Inequality and Life Satisfaction: Unrelated Between Countries, Associated Within Countries Over Time," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 19(4), pages 1021-1043, April.
    10. Daniele Mantegazzi & Philip McCann & Viktor Venhorst, 2020. "The impact of language borders on the spatial decay of agglomeration and competition spillovers," Journal of Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(3), pages 558-577, June.
    11. Reichelt, Malte & Haas, Anette, 2015. "Commuting farther and earning more? : how employment density moderates workers commuting distance," IAB-Discussion Paper 201533, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    12. Daghagh Yazd, Sahar & Wheeler, Sarah Ann & Zuo, Alec, 2020. "Understanding the impacts of water scarcity and socio-economic demographics on farmer mental health in the Murray-Darling Basin," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    13. Radek Halamka & Petr Teplý, 2017. "The Effect of Ethics on Banks Financial Performance," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2017(3), pages 330-344.
    14. Andrew Bell & Kelvyn Jones & Malcolm Fairbrother, 2018. "Understanding and misunderstanding group mean centering: a commentary on Kelley et al.’s dangerous practice," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(5), pages 2031-2036, September.
    15. Katja Görlitz & Sylvi Rzepka, 2017. "Regional training supply and employees’ training participation," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 59(1), pages 281-296, July.
    16. Michael Freeman & Nicos Savva & Stefan Scholtes, 2021. "Economies of Scale and Scope in Hospitals: An Empirical Study of Volume Spillovers," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(2), pages 673-697, February.
    17. Wang, Boya, 2018. "Ownership, institutions and firm value: Cross-provincial evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 547-565.
    18. Boogen, Nina & Datta, Souvik & Filippini, Massimo, 2021. "Estimating residential electricity demand: New empirical evidence," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    19. Tojeiro-Rivero, Damián, 2022. "What effect does the aggregate industrial R&D offshoring have on you? A multilevel study," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(2).
    20. Christian D. Mina & Katsushi S. Imai, 2017. "Estimation of Vulnerability to Poverty Using a Multilevel Longitudinal Model: Evidence from the Philippines," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(12), pages 2118-2144, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    apprenticeship training; unfilled training positions; linked employer-employee data; multilevel mixed-effects models;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • I29 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Other
    • M53 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Personnel Economics - - - Training
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:jns:jbstat:v:239:y:2019:i:4:p:661-701:n:5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.