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Including the “I” in Virtuality and Modern Job Design: Extending the Job Characteristics Model to Include the Moderating Effect of Individual Experiences of Electronic Dependence and Copresence

Author

Listed:
  • Cristina B. Gibson

    (Management and Organisations, UWA Business School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009 Australia)

  • Jennifer L. Gibbs

    (School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901)

  • Taryn L. Stanko

    (Lundquist College of Business, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403)

  • Paul Tesluk

    (Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742)

  • Susan G. Cohen

    (Center for Effective Organizations, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089)

Abstract

This paper extends the job characteristics model (JCM) to address virtual work design. We argue that the effects of critical job characteristics (task significance, autonomy, and feedback) on psychological states (experienced meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of results) differ depending on two important elements of virtuality and their interactions with important social mechanisms: individual experiences of electronic dependence and its interaction with intimacy and the interaction of copresence with identification. Findings across 177 workers from a variety of settings varying in industry, size, and structure supported several moderating effects of virtuality and three-way interactions that included intimacy and identification, suggesting important modifications of the JCM. In addition, effects were not uniformly parallel for both elements of virtuality, emphasizing the need to differentiate between the effects of electronic dependence and copresence. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina B. Gibson & Jennifer L. Gibbs & Taryn L. Stanko & Paul Tesluk & Susan G. Cohen, 2011. "Including the “I” in Virtuality and Modern Job Design: Extending the Job Characteristics Model to Include the Moderating Effect of Individual Experiences of Electronic Dependence and Copresence," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 22(6), pages 1481-1499, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ororsc:v:22:y:2011:i:6:p:1481-1499
    DOI: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0586
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Terri L. Griffith & Emma S. Nordbäck & John E. Sawyer & Ronald E. Rice, 2018. "Field study of complements to supervisory leadership in more and less flexible work settings," Journal of Organization Design, Springer;Organizational Design Community, vol. 7(1), pages 1-26, December.
    2. Oldham, Greg R. & Fried, Yitzhak, 2016. "Job design research and theory: Past, present and future," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 20-35.
    3. Gibbs, Jennifer L. & Eisenberg, Julia & Fang, Chengyu & Wilkenfeld, J. Nan, 2023. "Examining how organizational continuities and discontinuities affect the job satisfaction of global contractors," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(5).
    4. Gajendran, Ravi S. & Loewenstein, Jeffrey & Choi, Hyeran & Ozgen, Sibel, 2022. "Hidden costs of text-based electronic communication on complex reasoning tasks: Motivation maintenance and impaired downstream performance," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    5. Boyer O’Leary, Michael & Wilson, Jeanne M. & Metiu, Anca, 2011. "Beyond Being There: The Symbolic Role of Communication and Identification in the Emergence of Perceived Proximity in Geographically Dispersed Work," ESSEC Working Papers WP1112, ESSEC Research Center, ESSEC Business School.
    6. Niina Nurmi & Pamela J Hinds, 2016. "Job complexity and learning opportunities: A silver lining in the design of global virtual work," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(6), pages 631-654, August.
    7. Mehmet A. Orhan, 2014. "Extending the Individual Level of Virtuality: Implications of Task Virtuality in Virtual and Traditional Settings," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-13, October.
    8. Cristina B Gibson & Patrick D Dunlop & John L Cordery, 2019. "Managing formalization to increase global team effectiveness and meaningfulness of work in multinational organizations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 50(6), pages 1021-1052, August.
    9. Jeanne Wilson & C. Brad Crisp & Mark Mortensen, 2013. "Extending Construal-Level Theory to Distributed Groups: Understanding the Effects of Virtuality," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 24(2), pages 629-644, April.

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