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Determination of Optimum Window to External Wall Ratio for Offices in a Hot and Humid Climate

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  • Halil Alibaba

    (Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, Mersin 10, Turkey)

Abstract

Heat loss and gain through windows has a very high impact on the thermal comfort of offices. This paper analyzes a standard low energy consumption university office that has a standard envelope. Dynamic thermal simulations with EDSL Tas software, a predicted mean vote (PMV), and a predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) with all local discomfort as stated in ASHRAE, ISO 7730: 2005, EN 15251: 2007 were used for thermal sensation, in order to optimize the best window to external wall proportion in a hot and humid climate that exists in the Famagusta case study. A simulated office building is oriented east to west in order to take advantage of the wind direction. In May 45% (PPD < 6%–0.7% open window), 93% (PPD < 10–0.2 open window), and 97% (PPD < 15%–0.1% open window) thermal comfort scores are obtained when the window to external wall ratio (WWR) is 10%. In October 43% (PPD < 6%–0.7% open window), 86% (PPD < 10–0.2 open window), and 92% (PPD < 15%–0.1% open window) thermal comfort scores are obtained when the WWR is 10%. In September 49% (PPD < 10% full open window) and 51% (PPD < 15%–0.1% open window) thermal comfort scores are obtained when the WWR is 10%.

Suggested Citation

  • Halil Alibaba, 2016. "Determination of Optimum Window to External Wall Ratio for Offices in a Hot and Humid Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:187-:d:64190
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Mushk Bughio & Thorsten Schuetze & Waqas Ahmed Mahar, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Indoor Environmental Quality of Architectural Campus Buildings’ Lecture Halls and its’ Perception by Building Users, in Karachi, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-29, April.
    2. Haiqiang Liu & Zhihao Zhang & Xidong Ma & Weite Lu & Dongze Li & Shoichi Kojima, 2021. "Optimization Analysis of the Residential Window-to-Wall Ratio Based on Numerical Calculation of Energy Consumption in the Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Zone of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-24, May.
    3. Paweł Szałański & Piotr Kowalski & Wojciech Cepiński & Piotr Kęskiewicz, 2023. "The Effect of Lowering Indoor Air Temperature on the Reduction in Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emission in Multifamily Buildings in Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Nari Yoon & Mary Ann Piette & Jung Min Han & Wentao Wu & Ali Malkawi, 2020. "Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    5. Mohammad Y. AbuGrain & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2017. "Optimizing Existing Multistory Building Designs towards Net-Zero Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-15, March.
    6. Yorgos Spanodimitriou & Giovanni Ciampi & Michelangelo Scorpio & Niloufar Mokhtari & Ainoor Teimoorzadeh & Roberta Laffi & Sergio Sibilio, 2022. "Passive Strategies for Building Retrofitting: Performances Analysis and Incentive Policies for the Iranian Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Hardi K. Abdullah & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2020. "Window Design of Naturally Ventilated Offices in the Mediterranean Climate in Terms of CO 2 and Thermal Comfort Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-33, January.
    8. Reihaneh Aram & Halil Zafer Alibaba, 2019. "Thermal Comfort and Energy Performance of Atrium in Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-29, February.
    9. Krzysztof Grygierek & Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek & Anna Gumińska & Łukasz Baran & Magdalena Barwa & Kamila Czerw & Paulina Gowik & Klaudia Makselan & Klaudia Potyka & Agnes Psikuta, 2020. "Energy and Environmental Analysis of Single-Family Houses Located in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-25, May.
    10. Mohammad K. Najjar & Vivian W. Y. Tam & Leandro Torres Di Gregorio & Ana Catarina Jorge Evangelista & Ahmed W. A. Hammad & Assed Haddad, 2019. "Integrating Parametric Analysis with Building Information Modeling to Improve Energy Performance of Construction Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-22, April.
    11. Hardi K. Abdullah & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2017. "Retrofits for Energy Efficient Office Buildings: Integration of Optimized Photovoltaics in the Form of Responsive Shading Devices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    12. Adrian Pitts, 2017. "Passive House and Low Energy Buildings: Barriers and Opportunities for Future Development within UK Practice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-26, February.
    13. Yang Guan & Yonghong Yan, 2016. "Daylighting Design in Classroom Based on Yearly-Graphic Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-17, July.
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