IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i2p473-d306349.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Window Design of Naturally Ventilated Offices in the Mediterranean Climate in Terms of CO 2 and Thermal Comfort Performance

Author

Listed:
  • Hardi K. Abdullah

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta 99628, North Cyprus, Turkey)

  • Halil Z. Alibaba

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Eastern Mediterranean University, via Mersin 10, Famagusta 99628, North Cyprus, Turkey)

Abstract

Natural ventilation through window openings is an inexpensive and effective solution to bring fresh air into internal spaces and improve indoor environmental conditions. This study attempts to address the “indoor air quality–thermal comfort” dilemma of naturally ventilated office buildings in the Mediterranean climate through the effective use of early window design. An experimental method of computational modelling and simulation was applied. The assessments of indoor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration and adaptive thermal comfort were performed using the British/European standard BS EN 15251:2007. The results indicate that when windows were opened, the first-floor zones were subjected to the highest CO 2 levels, especially the north-facing window in the winter and the south-facing window in the summer. For a fully glazed wall, a 10% window opening could provide all the office hours inside category I of CO 2 concentration. Such an achievement requires full and quarter window openings in the cases of 10% and 25% window-to-floor ratios (WFR), respectively. The findings of the European adaptive comfort showed that less than 50% of office hours appeared in category III with cross-ventilation. The concluding remarks and recommendations are presented.

Suggested Citation

  • Hardi K. Abdullah & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2020. "Window Design of Naturally Ventilated Offices in the Mediterranean Climate in Terms of CO 2 and Thermal Comfort Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-33, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:473-:d:306349
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/2/473/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/2/473/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mirrahimi, Seyedehzahra & Mohamed, Mohd Farid & Haw, Lim Chin & Ibrahim, Nik Lukman Nik & Yusoff, Wardah Fatimah Mohammad & Aflaki, Ardalan, 2016. "The effect of building envelope on the thermal comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings in hot–humid climate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1508-1519.
    2. Miguel Ángel Campano & Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo & Jesica Fernández-Agüera & Juan José Sendra, 2019. "Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Halil Zafer Alibaba, 2018. "Heat and Air Flow Behavior of Naturally Ventilated Offices in a Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-23, September.
    4. Daniel Sánchez-García & Carlos Rubio-Bellido & Jesús A. Pulido-Arcas & Fco. Javier Guevara-García & Jacinto Canivell, 2018. "Adaptive Comfort Models Applied to Existing Dwellings in Mediterranean Climate Considering Global Warming," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-21, September.
    5. Philip Steadman & Harry R Bruhns & Senino Holtier & Bratislav Gakovic & Peter A Rickaby & Frank E Brown, 2000. "A Classification of Built Forms," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 27(1), pages 73-91, February.
    6. Raúl Castaño-Rosa & Carlos E. Rodríguez-Jiménez & Carlos Rubio-Bellido, 2018. "Adaptive Thermal Comfort Potential in Mediterranean Office Buildings: A Case Study of Torre Sevilla," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-14, August.
    7. Hardi K. Abdullah & Halil Z. Alibaba, 2017. "Retrofits for Energy Efficient Office Buildings: Integration of Optimized Photovoltaics in the Form of Responsive Shading Devices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    8. Chua, K.J. & Chou, S.K., 2010. "Energy performance of residential buildings in Singapore," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 667-678.
    9. Ralegaonkar, Rahul V. & Gupta, Rajiv, 2010. "Review of intelligent building construction: A passive solar architecture approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(8), pages 2238-2242, October.
    10. Halil Alibaba, 2016. "Determination of Optimum Window to External Wall Ratio for Offices in a Hot and Humid Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-21, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Haibo Yu & Hui Zhang & Xiaolin Han & Ningcheng Gao & Zikang Ke & Junle Yan, 2023. "An Empirical Study of a Passive Exterior Window for an Office Building in the Context of Ultra-Low Energy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Katarzyna Ratajczak & Małgorzata Basińska, 2021. "The Well-Being of Children in Nurseries Does Not Have to Be Expensive: The Real Costs of Maintaining Low Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Nurseries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, April.
    3. Marek Borowski & Rafał Łuczak & Joanna Halibart & Klaudia Zwolińska & Michał Karch, 2021. "Airflow Fluctuation from Linear Diffusers in an Office Building: The Thermal Comfort Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Francesco Pomponi & Bernardino D’Amico, 2020. "Low Energy Architecture and Low Carbon Cities: Exploring Links, Scales, and Environmental Impacts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-6, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Halawa, Edward & Ghaffarianhoseini, Amirhosein & Ghaffarianhoseini, Ali & Trombley, Jeremy & Hassan, Norhaslina & Baig, Mirza & Yusoff, Safiah Yusmah & Azzam Ismail, Muhammad, 2018. "A review on energy conscious designs of building façades in hot and humid climates: Lessons for (and from) Kuala Lumpur and Darwin," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2147-2161.
    2. Shiva Amirkhani & Ali Bahadori-Jahromi & Anastasia Mylona & Paulina Godfrey & Darren Cook, 2019. "Impact of Low-E Window Films on Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions of an Existing UK Hotel Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-24, August.
    3. Ahmad Taki & Bilal Alsheglawi, 2022. "Toward Energy-Efficient Houses Considering Social Cultural Needs in Bahrain: A New Framework Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-30, June.
    4. Mushk Bughio & Thorsten Schuetze & Waqas Ahmed Mahar, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of Indoor Environmental Quality of Architectural Campus Buildings’ Lecture Halls and its’ Perception by Building Users, in Karachi, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-29, April.
    5. Mirrahimi, Seyedehzahra & Mohamed, Mohd Farid & Haw, Lim Chin & Ibrahim, Nik Lukman Nik & Yusoff, Wardah Fatimah Mohammad & Aflaki, Ardalan, 2016. "The effect of building envelope on the thermal comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings in hot–humid climate," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1508-1519.
    6. Gupta, V. & Deb, C., 2023. "Envelope design for low-energy buildings in the tropics: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    7. Alicia Alonso & Jesús Llanos & Rocío Escandón & Juan J. Sendra, 2021. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort of Primary Schools in Winter in a Mediterranean Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-17, March.
    8. Zhikun Ding & Rongsheng Liu & Zongjie Li & Cheng Fan, 2020. "A Thematic Network-Based Methodology for the Research Trend Identification in Building Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-33, September.
    9. Peng Xue & Zhengtao Ai & Dongjin Cui & Wei Wang, 2019. "A Grey Box Modeling Method for Fast Predicting Buoyancy-Driven Natural Ventilation Rates through Multi-Opening Atriums," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, June.
    10. Aiman Albatayneh & Dariusz Alterman & Adrian Page & Behdad Moghtaderi, 2019. "The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Limits on the Air-Conditioning Loads in a Temperate Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    11. Carla Balocco & Lorenzo Leoncini, 2020. "Energy Cost for Effective Ventilation and Air Quality for Healthy Buildings: Plant Proposals for a Historic Building School Reopening in the Covid-19 Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Jinmog Han & Jongkyun Bae & Jihoon Jang & Jumi Baek & Seung-Bok Leigh, 2019. "The Derivation of Cooling Set-Point Temperature in an HVAC System, Considering Mean Radiant Temperature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-19, September.
    13. So-Young Lee & Myoung-Won Oh, 2020. "Sustainable Design Alternatives and Energy Efficiency for Public Rental Housing in Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-26, October.
    14. Diana Carolina Gámez-García & José Manuel Gómez-Soberón & Ramón Corral-Higuera & Héctor Saldaña-Márquez & María Consolación Gómez-Soberón & Susana Paola Arredondo-Rea, 2018. "A Cradle to Handover Life Cycle Assessment of External Walls: Choice of Materials and Prognosis of Elements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-24, August.
    15. Rodrigues, Eugénio & Fernandes, Marco S. & Gomes, Álvaro & Gaspar, Adélio Rodrigues & Costa, José J., 2019. "Performance-based design of multi-story buildings for a sustainable urban environment: A case study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    16. Azis, Shazmin Shareena Ab., 2021. "Improving present-day energy savings among green building sector in Malaysia using benefit transfer approach: Cooling and lighting loads," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    17. Chen, Xi & Yang, Hongxing & Wang, Yuanhao, 2017. "Parametric study of passive design strategies for high-rise residential buildings in hot and humid climates: miscellaneous impact factors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 442-460.
    18. Sommese, Francesco & Badarnah, Lidia & Ausiello, Gigliola, 2022. "A critical review of biomimetic building envelopes: towards a bio-adaptive model from nature to architecture," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    19. Diakaki, Christina & Grigoroudis, Evangelos & Kolokotsa, Dionyssia, 2013. "Performance study of a multi-objective mathematical programming modelling approach for energy decision-making in buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 534-542.
    20. Tsang, S.W. & Jim, C.Y., 2011. "Theoretical evaluation of thermal and energy performance of tropical green roofs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 3590-3598.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:473-:d:306349. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.