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Soil Heavy Metal Absorption Potential of Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Farming

Author

Listed:
  • Bimal Manuranga Herath

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

  • Chaturanga Bamunuarachchige

    (Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

  • Steven L. Stephenson

    (Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA)

  • Abdallah M. Elgorban

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Suhail Asad

    (School of Biology and Chemistry, Pu’er University, Pu’er 665000, China)

  • Jaturong Kumla

    (Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Nakarin Suwannarach

    (Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Samantha C. Karunarathna

    (Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China)

  • Pinnaduwage Neelamanie Yapa

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka)

Abstract

This study assessed the potential uptake of soil-contaminated heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba in combination with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in traditional and improved rice varieties. Total levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in soil, rice roots, shoots, grains, A. pinnata , and L. gibba were estimated using ICP-MS. The percentage colonization in AMF-inoculated and AMF-uninoculated rice varied from 1.13–30.67% and 1.33–5.42%, respectively. These findings suggested that AMF provide protection to rice plants against the combined toxicity of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg in rice field soil. The combined interaction of AMF, organic fertilizer, and A. pinnata decreased heavy metal accumulation in rice roots, shoots, and grains in both tested varieties. The intake and subsequent accumulation of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg in the rice grains differed significantly ( p < 0.05) between the two rice varieties. Furthermore, it was revealed that the AMF-inoculated rice plants reduced the translocation of heavy metals from root to shoot. Therefore, it can be concluded that heavy metal absorption and accumulation in rice can be reduced by the application of AMF, organic fertilizer, and A. pinnata together in rice farming.

Suggested Citation

  • Bimal Manuranga Herath & Chaturanga Bamunuarachchige & Steven L. Stephenson & Abdallah M. Elgorban & Suhail Asad & Jaturong Kumla & Nakarin Suwannarach & Samantha C. Karunarathna & Pinnaduwage Neelama, 2023. "Soil Heavy Metal Absorption Potential of Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Farming," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-27, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4320-:d:1083465
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Daping Song & Dafang Zhuang & Dong Jiang & Jingying Fu & Qiao Wang, 2015. "Integrated Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Suxian County, South China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Fanfu Zeng & Wei Wei & Mansha Li & Ruixue Huang & Fei Yang & Yanying Duan, 2015. "Heavy Metal Contamination in Rice-Producing Soils of Hunan Province, China and Potential Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Arif Ali Baig Moghal & Mohammed Abdul Lateef & Syed Abu Sayeed Mohammed & Kehinde Lemboye & Bhaskar C. S. Chittoori & Abdullah Almajed, 2020. "Efficacy of Enzymatically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Retention of Heavy Metal Ions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Rizwan Ahmad & Fazal Hadi & Amin Ullah Jan & Allah Ditta, 2022. "Straw Incorporation in Contaminated Soil Enhances Drought Tolerance but Simultaneously Increases the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Rice," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-16, August.
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