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Road Environments: Impact of Metals on Human Health in Heavily Congested Cities of Poland

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  • Ewa Adamiec

    (Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Road dust as a by-product of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions can be a major cause of systemic oxidative stress and multiple disorders. Substantial amounts of road dust are repeatedly resuspended, in particular at traffic lights and junctions where more braking is involved, causing potential threat to pedestrians, especially children. In order to determine the degree of contamination in the heavily traffic-congested cities of Poland, a total of 148 samples of road dust (RD), sludge from storm drains (SL) and roadside soil (RS) were collected. Sixteen metals were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in all samples. Chemical evaluation followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that road environments have been severely contaminated with traffic-related elements. Concentration of copper in all road-environment samples is even higher, exceeding even up to 15 times its average concentrations established for the surrounding soils. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessment revealed that the hazard index (HI) for children in all road-environment samples exceeds the safe level of 1. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to potential health risks caused by the ingestion of traffic-related particles during outdoor activities.

Suggested Citation

  • Ewa Adamiec, 2017. "Road Environments: Impact of Metals on Human Health in Heavily Congested Cities of Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:7:p:697-:d:103081
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yunn-Jinn Wang & Chi-Feng Chen & Jen-Yang Lin, 2013. "The Measurement of Dry Deposition and Surface Runoff to Quantify Urban Road Pollution in Taipei, Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Dejun Wan & Changlin Zhan & Guanglin Yang & Xingqi Liu & Jinsong Yang, 2016. "Preliminary Assessment of Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in Settled Dust over Beijing Urban Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-15, May.
    3. Daping Song & Dafang Zhuang & Dong Jiang & Jingying Fu & Qiao Wang, 2015. "Integrated Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Suxian County, South China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, June.
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