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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Lacépède, 1803 from Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného, Togo: Possible Human Health Risk Suitable to Their Consumption

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  • Kamilou Ouro-Sama

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo
    Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania)

  • Gnon Tanouayi

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

  • Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

  • Narcis Barsan

    (Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania)

  • Emilian Mosnegutu

    (Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania)

  • Tchaa Esso-Essinam Badassan

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

  • Sadikou Agbere

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

  • Koudjo Adje

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

  • Valentin Nedeff

    (Faculty of Engineering, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 157 Calea Marasesti, 600115 Bacau, Romania
    “Gheorghe Ionescu Sisesti” Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 6 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Kissao Gnandi

    (Laboratoire de Gestion, Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Géologie et Environnement, Université de Lomé, Lomé BP 1515, Togo)

Abstract

The Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného is located in the coastal zone where phosphorite mining is carried out. This mining discharges all kinds of waste such as fuel oil into the surrounding environment without prior treatment. Moreover, the hydrosystem receives runoff and river inputs after having crossed and leached from mining and urban soils. This study aims to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in commercially consumed fish species ( Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ) from that hydrosystem and the associated health risks for consumers. For that, fish sample collection was performed during the dry season. Afterwards, their muscles, gills, and livers were cut and 12 PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The total PAHs (tPAHs) concentrations in fish tissues ranged from 5.24 to 48.40 µg/kg with average concentration of 14.51 ± 8.95 µg/kg in muscles, from 5.90 to 28.20 µg/kg averaging 14.90 ± 5.19 µg/kg in gills, and from 43.20 to 149.00 µg/kg with an average of 80.74 ± 27.08 µg/kg in livers. The average concentrations of low molecular weight PAHs (LMW PAHs) were 10.82 ± 9.61 µg/kg in muscles, 8.25 ± 5.43 µg/kg in gills, and 47.97 ± 22.56 µg/kg in livers whereas those of high molecular weight of PAHs (HMW PAHs) were 4.10 ± 2.14 µg/kg in muscles, 7.98 ± 3.96 µg/kg in gills, and 32.77 ± 8.66 µg/kg in livers. An overall trend of decreasing concentrations with increasing fish size classes was observed for some PAHs (Naphtalene, Pyrene in muscles, for Pyrene, Benzo(a)Anthracene, Chrysene in gills and for Naphtalene, Phenanthrene in livers). The PAHs in these fish might have pyrogenic and petrogenic sources, with the dominance of pyrogenic, and all of the total hazard quotients (THQ) are less than 1. This situation must not be neglected for better planning sustainable management of the target ecosystem.

Suggested Citation

  • Kamilou Ouro-Sama & Gnon Tanouayi & Hodabalo Dheoulaba Solitoke & Narcis Barsan & Emilian Mosnegutu & Tchaa Esso-Essinam Badassan & Sadikou Agbere & Koudjo Adje & Valentin Nedeff & Kissao Gnandi, 2023. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus Lacépède, 1803 from Lake Togo-Lagoon of Aného, Togo: Possible Human Health Risk Suitable to Their Consumption," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:1666-:d:1039036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daping Song & Dafang Zhuang & Dong Jiang & Jingying Fu & Qiao Wang, 2015. "Integrated Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Suxian County, South China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, June.
    2. Xu, Fu-Liu & Wu, Wen-Jing & Wang, Jun-Jun & Qin, Ning & Wang, Yan & He, Qi-Shuang & He, Wei & Tao, Shu, 2011. "Residual levels and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in freshwater fishes from Lake Small Bai-Yang-Dian, Northern China," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 222(2), pages 275-286.
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