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Assessment of CI Engine Performance and Exhaust Air Quality Outfitted with Real-Time Emulsion Fuel Injection System

Author

Listed:
  • Krishnamoorthy Ramalingam

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, CK College of Engineering and Technology, Cuddalore 607003, India)

  • Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem 533437, India
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, East Godavari District, Kakinada 533003, India)

  • Abdul Aabid

    (Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Muneer Baig

    (Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The main target of the current research work is effectively eliminating fossil fuel dependency and improving the exhaust air quality of conventional Compression Ignition (CI) engines. This research paper demonstrates for the first time that a nanofluid (water without surfactant) stored in separate tanks can be quantified, collected, and immediately emulsified by a high shear mixer before transfer into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. The experiment was carried out under different load states (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Biofuel was extracted from citronella leaves using an energy-intensive process. The 5% water share was used for preparing the biofuel emulsion and nano-biofuel emulsion. A cobalt chromate nanoadditive was used to make the nanofluid. An experimental investigation was performed with prepared test fuels, namely, ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD), 100% Citronella (B100), surfactant-free Diesel emulsion (SDE), surfactant-free bioemulsion (SBE), and Surfactant free nano-bioemulsion (SNBE), in a test engine. The properties of the sample test fuels was ensured according to EN and ASTM standards. The observation performance results show that the SNBE blend exhibited lower BTE (by 0.5%) and higher SFC (by 3.4%) than ULSD at peak load. The emission results show that the SNBE blend exhibited lower HC, CO, NO x , and smoke emissions by 23.86%, 31.81%, 2.94%, and 24.63%, respectively, compared to USD at peak load. The CP and HRR results for SNBE were closer to ULSD fuel. Overall, the novel concept of an RTEFI (Real-time emulsion fuel injection) system was proved to be workable and to maintain its benefits of better fuel economy and greener emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Krishnamoorthy Ramalingam & Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan & Abdul Aabid & Muneer Baig, 2022. "Assessment of CI Engine Performance and Exhaust Air Quality Outfitted with Real-Time Emulsion Fuel Injection System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5313-:d:804257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vellaiyan, Suresh, 2023. "Recent advancements in water emulsion fuel to explore efficient and cleaner production from various biodiesels: A retrospective review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).

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