IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i6p3506-d772786.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Tree Resin, a Macroergic Source of Energy, a Possible Tool to Lower the Rise in Atmospheric CO 2 Levels

Author

Listed:
  • Jaroslav Demko

    (Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Hrabovska Cesta 1, 034 01 Ruzomberok, Slovakia)

  • Ján Machava

    (Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Education, Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Hrabovska Cesta 1, 034 01 Ruzomberok, Slovakia)

Abstract

Tree resin is a macroergic component that has not yet been used for energy purposes. The main goal of this work is to determine the energy content of the resin of spruce, pine, and larch and of wood components—pulp and turpentine. The combustion heat of resin from each timber was determined calorimetrically. Approximately 1.0 g of liquid samples was applied in an adiabatic calorimeter. The energy values of the tree resin (>38.0 MJ·kg −1 ) were 2.2 and 2.4 times higher than that of bleached and unbleached cellulose, and the highest value was recorded for turpentine (>39.0 MJ·kg −1 ). Due to the high heating values of the resin, it is necessary to develop approaches to the technological processing of the resin for energy use. The best method of resin tapping is the American method, providing 5 kg of resin ha −1 yr −1 . The tapped resin quantity can be raised by least 3 times by applying a stimulant. Its production cost compared to other feedstocks was the lowest. Tree resin can be applied as a means of mitigating global warming and consequently dampening climate change by reducing the CO 2 content in the atmosphere. One tonne of tree resin burned instead of coal spares the atmosphere 5.0 Mt CO 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Jaroslav Demko & Ján Machava, 2022. "Tree Resin, a Macroergic Source of Energy, a Possible Tool to Lower the Rise in Atmospheric CO 2 Levels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3506-:d:772786
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/6/3506/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/6/3506/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Vallinayagam, R. & Vedharaj, S. & Yang, W.M. & Lee, P.S. & Chua, K.J.E. & Chou, S.K., 2014. "Pine oil–biodiesel blends: A double biofuel strategy to completely eliminate the use of diesel in a diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 466-473.
    2. Wang, Zanxin & Calderon, Margaret M. & Carandang, Myrna G., 2006. "Effects of resin tapping on optimal rotation age of pine plantation," Journal of Forest Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 245-260, January.
    3. Jan Weger & Jaroslav Knápek & Jaroslav Bubeník & Kamila Vávrová & Zdeněk Strašil, 2021. "Can Miscanthus Fulfill Its Expectations as an Energy Biomass Source in the Current Conditions of the Czech Republic?—Potentials and Barriers," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, January.
    4. Mairon G. Bastos Lima, 2021. "Corporate Power in the Bioeconomy Transition: The Policies and Politics of Conservative Ecological Modernization in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Mohd Alsaleh & Muhammad Mansur Abdulwakil & Abdul Samad Abdul-Rahim, 2021. "Does Social Businesses Development Affect Bioenergy Industry Growth under the Pathway of Sustainable Development?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-19, February.
    6. Carolina Perpina Castillo & Boyan Kavalov & Vasco Diogo & Chris Jacobs-Crisioni & Filipe Batista e Silva & Carlo Lavalle, 2018. "Agricultural land abandonment in the EU within 2015-2030," JRC Research Reports JRC113718, Joint Research Centre.
    7. Thomas Dietz & Jan Börner & Jan Janosch Förster & Joachim Von Braun, 2018. "Governance of the Bioeconomy: A Global Comparative Study of National Bioeconomy Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Idiano D’Adamo & Piergiuseppe Morone & Donald Huisingh, 2021. "Bioenergy: A Sustainable Shift," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-5, September.
    9. Alexandra Pehlken & Kalle Wulf & Kevin Grecksch & Thomas Klenke & Nina Tsydenova, 2020. "More Sustainable Bioenergy by Making Use of Regional Alternative Biomass?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-22, September.
    10. D'Adamo, Idiano & Falcone, Pasquale Marcello & Morone, Piergiuseppe, 2020. "A New Socio-economic Indicator to Measure the Performance of Bioeconomy Sectors in Europe," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    11. Idiano D'Adamo & Massimo Gastaldi & Paolo Rosa, 2021. "Assessing Environmental and Energetic Indexes in 27 European Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 417-423.
    12. Francisco M. Baena-Moreno & Isabel Malico & Isabel Paula Marques, 2021. "Promoting Sustainability: Wastewater Treatment Plants as a Source of Biomethane in Regions Far from a High-Pressure Grid. A Real Portuguese Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-17, August.
    13. Mirov, N. T., 1961. "Composition of Gum Turpentines of Pines," Technical Bulletins 170812, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    14. D’Adamo, Idiano & Falcone, Pasquale Marcello & Huisingh, Donald & Morone, Piergiuseppe, 2021. "A circular economy model based on biomethane: What are the opportunities for the municipality of Rome and beyond?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1660-1672.
    15. Smith, Richard H., 1977. "Monoterpenes of Ponderosa Pine Xylem Resin in Western United States," Technical Bulletins 158103, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Idiano D’Adamo & Piergiuseppe Morone & Donald Huisingh, 2021. "Bioenergy: A Sustainable Shift," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-5, September.
    2. Muhamed Rasit Atelge & Halil Senol & Mohammed Djaafri & Tulin Avci Hansu & David Krisa & Abdulaziz Atabani & Cigdem Eskicioglu & Hamdi Muratçobanoğlu & Sebahattin Unalan & Slimane Kalloum & Nuri Azbar, 2021. "A Critical Overview of the State-of-the-Art Methods for Biogas Purification and Utilization Processes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-39, October.
    3. Uchechukwu Stella Ezealigo & Blessing Nonye Ezealigo & Francis Kemausuor & Luke Ekem Kweku Achenie & Azikiwe Peter Onwualu, 2021. "Biomass Valorization to Bioenergy: Assessment of Biomass Residues’ Availability and Bioenergy Potential in Nigeria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-21, December.
    4. Mohamed A. Hassaan & Ahmed El Nemr & Marwa R. Elkatory & Safaa Ragab & Mohamed A. El-Nemr & Antonio Pantaleo, 2021. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Synergistic Effects of Modified Biochar in Combination with α-Fe 2 O 3 NPs on Biogas Production from Red Algae Pterocladia capillacea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-22, August.
    5. Alfredo de Toro & Carina Gunnarsson & Nils Jonsson & Martin Sundberg, 2021. "Effects of Variable Weather Conditions on Baled Proportion of Varied Amounts of Harvestable Cereal Straw, Based on Simulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-23, August.
    6. Britz, Wolfgang & Li, Jingwen & Shang, Linmei, 2021. "Combining large-scale sensitivity analysis in Computable General Equilibrium models with Machine Learning: An Example Application to policy supporting the bio-economy," Conference papers 333285, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    7. Maximilian Kardung & Kutay Cingiz & Ortwin Costenoble & Roel Delahaye & Wim Heijman & Marko Lovrić & Myrna van Leeuwen & Robert M’Barek & Hans van Meijl & Stephan Piotrowski & Tévécia Ronzon & Johanne, 2021. "Development of the Circular Bioeconomy: Drivers and Indicators," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, January.
    8. Gaurav Kumar Porichha & Yulin Hu & Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao & Chunbao Charles Xu, 2021. "Crop Residue Management in India: Stubble Burning vs. Other Utilizations including Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    9. Muhammad Ikram, 2021. "Models for Predicting Non-Renewable Energy Competing with Renewable Source for Sustainable Energy Development: Case of Asia and Oceania Region," Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Springer;Global Institute of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 22(2), pages 133-160, December.
    10. de Queiroz-Stein, Guilherme & Martinelli, Fernanda S. & Dietz, Thomas & Siegel, Karen M., 2024. "Disputing the bioeconomy-biodiversity nexus in Brazil: Coalitions, discourses and policies," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    11. Delia-Elena Diaconașu & Ionel Bostan & Cristina Căutișanu & Irina Chiriac, 2022. "Insights into the Sustainable Development of the Bioeconomy at the European Level, in the Context of the Desired Clean Environment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-14, September.
    12. D'Amato, D. & Korhonen, J., 2021. "Integrating the green economy, circular economy and bioeconomy in a strategic sustainability framework," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    13. Seok-Jun Kim & Kwang-Cheol Oh & Sun-Yong Park & Young-Min Ju & La-Hoon Cho & Chung-Geon Lee & Min-Jun Kim & In-Seon Jeong & Dae-Hyun Kim, 2021. "Development and Validation of Mass Reduction Prediction Model and Analysis of Fuel Properties for Agro-Byproduct Torrefaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    14. Bastos Lima, Mairon G., 2022. "Just transition towards a bioeconomy: Four dimensions in Brazil, India and Indonesia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    15. Nerijus Pedišius & Marius Praspaliauskas & Justinas Pedišius & Eugenija Farida Dzenajavičienė, 2021. "Analysis of Wood Chip Characteristics for Energy Production in Lithuania," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-13, June.
    16. Yulin Chen & Songtao Liu & Xiaoyu Guo & Chaojie Jia & Xiaodong Huang & Yaodong Wang & Haozhong Huang, 2021. "Experimental Research on the Macroscopic and Microscopic Spray Characteristics of Diesel-PODE 3-4 Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-24, September.
    17. Mairon G. Bastos Lima, 2021. "Corporate Power in the Bioeconomy Transition: The Policies and Politics of Conservative Ecological Modernization in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-20, June.
    18. Akinola David Olugbemide & Ana Oberlintner & Uroš Novak & Blaž Likozar, 2021. "Lignocellulosic Corn Stover Biomass Pre-Treatment by Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Biomethane Production Process by Bioresource Anaerobic Digestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-13, September.
    19. Idiano D’Adamo & Claudio Sassanelli, 2022. "Biomethane Community: A Research Agenda towards Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    20. Juan B. Restrepo & Carlos D. Paternina-Arboleda & Antonio J. Bula, 2021. "1,2—Propanediol Production from Glycerol Derived from Biodiesel’s Production: Technical and Economic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:3506-:d:772786. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.