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Crop Residue Management in India: Stubble Burning vs. Other Utilizations including Bioenergy

Author

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  • Gaurav Kumar Porichha

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

  • Yulin Hu

    (Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada)

  • Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

  • Chunbao Charles Xu

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

Abstract

In recent studies, various reports reveal that stubble burning of crop residues in India generates nearly 150 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), more than 9 million tons of carbon monoxide (CO), a quarter-million tons of sulphur oxides (SO X ), 1 million tons of particulate matter and more than half a million tons of black carbon. These contribute directly to environmental pollution, as well as the haze in the Indian capital, New Delhi, and the diminishing glaciers of the Himalayas. Although stubble burning crop residue is a crime under Section 188 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Air and Pollution Control Act (APCA) of 1981, a lack of implementation of these government acts has been witnessed across the country. Instead of burning, crop residues can be utilized in various alternative ways, including use as cattle feed, compost with manure, rural roofing, bioenergy, beverage production, packaging materials, wood, paper, and bioethanol, etc. This review article aims to present the current status of stubble-burning practices for disposal of crop residues in India and discuss several alternative methods for valorization of crop residues. Overall, this review article offers a solid understanding of the negative impacts of mismanagement of the crop residues via stubble burning in India and the other more promising management approaches including use for bioenergy, which, if widely employed, could not only reduce the environmental impacts of crop residue management, but generate additional value for the agricultural sector globally.

Suggested Citation

  • Gaurav Kumar Porichha & Yulin Hu & Kasanneni Tirumala Venkateswara Rao & Chunbao Charles Xu, 2021. "Crop Residue Management in India: Stubble Burning vs. Other Utilizations including Bioenergy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4281-:d:594965
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Aryal, Jeetendra P., 2022. "Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific," ADBI Working Papers 1340, Asian Development Bank Institute.
    2. Akinola David Olugbemide & Ana Oberlintner & Uroš Novak & Blaž Likozar, 2021. "Lignocellulosic Corn Stover Biomass Pre-Treatment by Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) for Biomethane Production Process by Bioresource Anaerobic Digestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Muhammad Haseeb Raza & Muhammad Abid & Muhammad Faisal & Tingwu Yan & Shoaib Akhtar & K. M. Mehedi Adnan, 2022. "Environmental and Health Impacts of Crop Residue Burning: Scope of Sustainable Crop Residue Management Practices," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-19, April.
    4. Durga, Mattaparthi Lakshmi & Gangil, Sandip & Bhargav, Vinod Kumar, 2022. "Thermal influx induced biopolymeric transitions in paddy straw," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1024-1032.
    5. Santosh Korav & Gandhamanagenahalli A. Rajanna & Dharam Bir Yadav & Venkatesh Paramesha & Chandra Mohan Mehta & Prakash Kumar Jha & Surendra Singh & Shikha Singh, 2022. "Impacts of Mechanized Crop Residue Management on Rice-Wheat Cropping System—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-19, November.
    6. Carla L. Simões & Ricardo Simoes & Ana Sofia Gonçalves & Leonel J. R. Nunes, 2023. "Environmental Analysis of the Valorization of Woody Biomass Residues: A Comparative Study with Vine Pruning Leftovers in Portugal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    7. Maurizio Bressan & Elena Campagnoli & Carlo Giovanni Ferro & Valter Giaretto, 2022. "Rice Straw: A Waste with a Remarkable Green Energy Potential," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.

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