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Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Stills—Recent Review

Author

Listed:
  • Fadl A. Essa

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt)

  • AbdelKader Abdullah

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
    Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt)

  • Hasan Sh. Majdi

    (Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla 51001, Iraq)

  • Ali Basem

    (Air Conditioning Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Warith Al-Anbiyaa University, Karbala 56001, Iraq)

  • Hayder A. Dhahad

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Zakaria M. Omara

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
    Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt)

  • Suha A. Mohammed

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Wissam H. Alawee

    (Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Amged Al Ezzi

    (Electromechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq)

  • Talal Yusaf

    (School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia)

Abstract

Although water is the second most important fluid, after air, found on the Earth, there is a vital problem in the availability of water for many organisms, and this problem faces the whole world. As a result, scientists have developed many methods of purifying the saline/brackish water to be suitable for different uses in addition to the purpose of drinking. Fortunately, solar distillation is very rewarding in terms of operating costs and costs for a liter of freshwater distillated with using clean and environmentally friendly energy. Solar distiller is one of the solar distillation systems devices, which is simple in construction, cheap, and easy to use but it has the drawback of low productivity. This article aims to provide a summary of the different ideas and works on solar stills through different variables that affect the performance of distillers. In contrast to the review papers dealing with this topic, this paper contains comprehensive and complete details and careful reviews of all the variables that affect the performance of distillers. Therefore, it is like a ladder in front of the authors until they reach the recent of what has been studied on the distillers in a simplified way to save time and effort, which will help them to come up with different ideas that were not easily studied. Thus, this paper introduces an overview on the detailed parameters affecting the performance of solar stills. These parameters are climatic, design, and operating factors. Climatic factors consist of solar radiation, ambient temperature, air speed, and dusty and cloudy weather. While the design factors include the evaporative and exposure surface areas, glazing cover material, inclination, and thickness, distiller material, and of insulating material and thickness. Whist, the operating parameters consist of the water temperature, feed water temperature, applying vacuum, temperature difference between water and glass cover, and hybrid systems. From the extensive literature, it is concluded that the climatic, design, and operating factors significantly affect the performance of the solar still. Finally, some points are proposed for further investigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Fadl A. Essa & AbdelKader Abdullah & Hasan Sh. Majdi & Ali Basem & Hayder A. Dhahad & Zakaria M. Omara & Suha A. Mohammed & Wissam H. Alawee & Amged Al Ezzi & Talal Yusaf, 2022. "Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Solar Stills—Recent Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-58, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10668-:d:898892
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. El-Sebaii, A.A. & Al-Ghamdi, A.A. & Al-Hazmi, F.S. & Faidah, Adel S., 2009. "Thermal performance of a single basin solar still with PCM as a storage medium," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1187-1195, July.
    2. El-Sebaii, A.A., 2011. "On effect of wind speed on passive solar still performance based on inner/outer surface temperatures of the glass cover," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4943-4949.
    3. Akash, Bilal A. & Mohsen, Mousa S. & Osta, Omar & Elayan, Yaser, 1998. "Experimental evaluation of a single-basin solar still using different absorbing materials," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 307-310.
    4. Ahmed, M.I. & Hrairi, M. & Ismail, A.F., 2009. "On the characteristics of multistage evacuated solar distillation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1471-1478.
    5. Hegazy, Adel A, 2001. "Effect of dust accumulation on solar transmittance through glass covers of plate-type collectors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 525-540.
    6. Okeke, C.E. & Egarievwe, S.U. & Animalu, A.O.E., 1990. "Effects of coal and charcoal on solar-still performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 15(11), pages 1071-1073.
    7. Sahoo, B.B. & Sahoo, N. & Mahanta, P. & Borbora, L. & Kalita, P. & Saha, U.K., 2008. "Performance assessment of a solar still using blackened surface and thermocol insulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1703-1708.
    8. Mohammad Reza Safaei & Hamid Reza Goshayeshi & Issa Chaer, 2019. "Solar Still Efficiency Enhancement by Using Graphene Oxide/Paraffin Nano-PCM," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-13, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Samimi, Mohsen & Moghadam, Hamid, 2024. "Modified evacuated tube collector basin solar still for optimal desalination of reverse osmosis concentrate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    2. Jerzy Szyszka, 2022. "From Direct Solar Gain to Trombe Wall: An Overview on Past, Present and Future Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-25, November.

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