IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i7p4009-d529902.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Marcin Połom

    (Division of Regional Development, Institute of Geography, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland)

  • Paweł Wiśniewski

    (Division of Landscape Research and Environmental Management, Institute of Geography, University of Gdańsk, 80-309 Gdańsk, Poland)

Abstract

Public transport has undergone major changes in recent years. In particular, they relate to the issue of environmental impact. Due to the significant emission of pollutants from the economy, in particular from the transport segment, member states of the European Union have taken measures to limit its scope. Only low-emission and zero-emission vehicles are to be used in transport, and mainly those that are powered by electricity in public transport. The development of battery technologies has led to a revolution in the range and operational capabilities of electric buses in the last decade. They have become a seemingly easy alternative to traditional electric vehicles in public transport—trams and trolleybuses. This article presents the possibilities and limitations of the development of public transport in Poland based on electric buses. An attempt was made to review the literature and compare the possibility of the functioning of buses, trams and trolleybuses in the Polish socio-economic, environmental and technological conditions. The article was based on a literature query, an analysis of unpublished materials, and a qualitative analysis of national programs endorsing the idea of electromobility as well as an online survey on the perception of electric public transport. The main goal of the article was to identify and evaluate the possibilities of developing public transport in Poland with the use of electric buses. The main results of the work include the demonstration that the optics of the national and regional authorities in Poland are focused mainly on electric buses without a thorough analysis of the legitimacy of their operation, especially in small towns. The incentive in the form of subsidizing the purchase of an electric bus is sufficient for them, and the future effects of using electric buses are not investigated.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcin Połom & Paweł Wiśniewski, 2021. "Implementing Electromobility in Public Transport in Poland in 1990–2020. A Review of Experiences and Evaluation of the Current Development Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:4009-:d:529902
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4009/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/7/4009/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dorota Burchart-Korol & Magdalena Gazda-Grzywacz & Katarzyna Zarębska, 2020. "Research and Prospects for the Development of Alternative Fuels in the Transport Sector in Poland: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Renata Marks-Bielska & Stanisław Bielski & Katarzyna Pik & Krystyna Kurowska, 2020. "The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Oliwia Pietrzak & Krystian Pietrzak, 2021. "The Economic Effects of Electromobility in Sustainable Urban Public Transport," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-28, February.
    4. Krystian Pietrzak & Oliwia Pietrzak, 2020. "Environmental Effects of Electromobility in a Sustainable Urban Public Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, February.
    5. Kołoś, Arkadiusz & Taczanowski, Jakub, 2016. "The feasibility of introducing light rail systems in medium-sized towns in Central Europe," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 400-413.
    6. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Antoni Świć & Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek, 2019. "The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-22, July.
    7. Marcin Wołek & Agnieszka Szmelter-Jarosz & Marcin Koniak & Anna Golejewska, 2020. "Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-25, November.
    8. Gao, Zhiming & Lin, Zhenhong & LaClair, Tim J. & Liu, Changzheng & Li, Jan-Mou & Birky, Alicia K. & Ward, Jacob, 2017. "Battery capacity and recharging needs for electric buses in city transit service," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 588-600.
    9. Shefang Wang & Chaoru Lu & Chenhui Liu & Yue Zhou & Jun Bi & Xiaomei Zhao, 2020. "Understanding the Energy Consumption of Battery Electric Buses in Urban Public Transport Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-12, November.
    10. Costa, Álvaro & Fernandes, Ruben, 2012. "Urban public transport in Europe: Technology diffusion and market organisation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 269-284.
    11. Anna Brdulak & Grażyna Chaberek & Jacek Jagodziński, 2020. "Development Forecasts for the Zero-Emission Bus Fleet in Servicing Public Transport in Chosen EU Member Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-20, August.
    12. Ajanovic, Amela & Haas, Reinhard, 2016. "Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: Major factors for success," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P2), pages 1451-1458.
    13. Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe & Demirbag Kaplan, Melike & Yilmaz, Barbara Katharina, 2018. "Electric mobility in Europe: A comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making processes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-13.
    14. Wierzbowski, Michal & Filipiak, Izabela & Lyzwa, Wojciech, 2017. "Polish energy policy 2050 – An instrument to develop a diversified and sustainable electricity generation mix in coal-based energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 51-70.
    15. José M. Cansino & Antonio Sánchez-Braza & Teresa Sanz-Díaz, 2018. "Policy Instruments to Promote Electro-Mobility in the EU28: A Comprehensive Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-27, July.
    16. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Marcin Połom, 2021. "Technology Development and Spatial Diffusion of Auxiliary Power Sources in Trolleybuses in European Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk & Marcin Połom, 2021. "Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-23, May.
    3. Marcin Połom & Paweł Wiśniewski, 2021. "Assessment of the Emission of Pollutants from Public Transport Based on the Example of Diesel Buses and Trolleybuses in Gdynia and Sopot," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Wojciech Lewicki & Wojciech Drozdz, 2021. "Electromobility and its Development Prospects in the Context of Industry 4.0: A Comparative Study of Poland and the European Union," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2B), pages 135-144.
    5. Walter Leal Filho & Ismaila Rimi Abubakar & Richard Kotter & Thomas Skou Grindsted & Abdul-Lateef Balogun & Amanda Lange Salvia & Yusuf A. Aina & Franziska Wolf, 2021. "Framing Electric Mobility for Urban Sustainability in a Circular Economy Context: An Overview of the Literature," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-23, July.
    6. Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili & Ali Q. Al-Shetwi & Hussein M. K. Al-Masri & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Yap Hoon & Khaled Alzaareer & N. V. Phanendra Babu, 2021. "Review of the Estimation Methods of Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-28, November.
    7. Kamile Petrauskiene & Jolanta Dvarioniene & Giedrius Kaveckis & Daina Kliaugaite & Julie Chenadec & Leonie Hehn & Berta Pérez & Claudio Bordi & Giorgio Scavino & Andrea Vignoli & Michael Erman, 2020. "Situation Analysis of Policies for Electric Mobility Development: Experience from Five European Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-21, April.
    8. Kowalska-Pyzalska, Anna & Kott, Joanna & Kott, Marek, 2020. "Why Polish market of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) is the smallest in Europe? SWOT analysis of opportunities and threats," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    9. Bruno Pinto & Filipe Barata & Constantino Soares & Carla Viveiros, 2020. "Fleet Transition from Combustion to Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in a Portuguese Business Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    10. Magdalena Tutak & Jarosław Brodny, 2019. "Forecasting Methane Emissions from Hard Coal Mines Including the Methane Drainage Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-28, October.
    11. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Antoni Świć & Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek, 2019. "The Development of Electromobility in Poland and EU States as a Tool for Management of CO 2 Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-22, July.
    12. Wojciech Lewicki & Wojciech Drozdz & Piotr Wroblewski & Krzysztof Zarna, 2021. "The Road to Electromobility in Poland: Consumer Attitude Assessment," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 1), pages 28-39.
    13. Christian Thiel & Anastasios Tsakalidis & Arnulf Jäger-Waldau, 2020. "Will Electric Vehicles Be Killed (again) or Are They the Next Mobility Killer App?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-10, April.
    14. Sónia Almeida Neves & António Cardoso Marques & José Alberto Fuinhas, 2018. "Could alternative energy sources in the transport sector decarbonise the economy without compromising economic growth?," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(1), pages 23-40, December.
    15. Dariusz Mikielewicz & Krzysztof Kosowski & Karol Tucki & Marian Piwowarski & Robert Stępień & Olga Orynycz & Wojciech Włodarski, 2019. "Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-21, August.
    16. Mengnan Li & Haiyi Ye & Xiawei Liao & Junping Ji & Xiaoming Ma, 2020. "How Shenzhen, China pioneered the widespread adoption of electric vehicles in a major city: Implications for global implementation," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(4), July.
    17. Artur Czech & Jerzy Lewczuk & Leonas Ustinovichius & Robertas Kontrimovičius, 2022. "Multi-Criteria Assessment of Transport Sustainability in Chosen European Union Countries: A Dynamic Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    18. Tomasz Jałowiec & Henryk Wojtaszek & Ireneusz Miciuła, 2022. "Analysis of the Potential Management of the Low-Carbon Energy Transformation by 2050," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-29, March.
    19. Karol Tucki & Olga Orynycz & Mateusz Mitoraj-Wojtanek, 2020. "Perspectives for Mitigation of CO 2 Emission due to Development of Electromobility in Several Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-24, August.
    20. Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka & Filip Polak & Leszek Szczęch, 2022. "Water Power Plants Possibilities in Powering Electric Cars—Case Study: Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:4009-:d:529902. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.