IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i3p816-d311868.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Analysis of the Development Level of Geo-Economic Relations between China and Countries along the Belt and Road

Author

Listed:
  • Wei Hu

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yuejing Ge

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810008, China
    School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Qin Dang

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yu Huang

    (Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yuan Hu

    (School of Economics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116025, China)

  • Shuai Ye

    (School of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Shufang Wang

    (School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)

Abstract

With the continuous advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative, countries along the Belt and Road are becoming the most important geo-economic space for China’s peaceful rise. This paper constructs a geo-economic model to measure the geo-economic relations between China and countries along the Belt and Road, analyzes the spatial-temporal patterns of geo-economic flow between China and these countries, and discusses the spatial agglomeration of geo-economic flow between China and these countries. The results show that the geo-economic flow between China and the countries along the Belt and Road is increasing and the geo-economic relations between China and these countries are continuing to improve. Trade flow is far greater than investment flow, and China’s geo-economic relations with these countries have mainly relied on trade flow. The spatial differentiation of geo-economic flow between China and countries along the Belt and Road is significant. The development of geo-economic relations is unbalanced, and regional powers play an important role. The geo-economic center of gravity of China and countries along the Belt and Road was moving in the northeastern part of India and it first moved to the northwest and then to the southeast. China’s geo-economic space has obvious core-peripheral structure characteristics, and Southeast Asia is the core area of China’s geo-economic space. China’s geo-economic space presents a northwest-southeast pattern in the direction. There has been a significant, positive spatial autocorrelation in geo-economic flow between China and the countries along the Belt and Road, but the overall spatial agglomeration has been weak. The geo-economic flow agglomerations of China and these countries have mainly occurred in Southeast Asia, and the main agglomeration type has been high–high. The geo-economic activities of China and Southeast Asia had certain spatial spillover effects. To promote the sustainable development of China’s geo-economic relations with the countries along the Belt and Road, China should upgrade investment networks with these countries, optimize geo-economic relations with regional powers, and promote the full development of trade flow, investment flow and other geo-economic element flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei Hu & Yuejing Ge & Qin Dang & Yu Huang & Yuan Hu & Shuai Ye & Shufang Wang, 2020. "Analysis of the Development Level of Geo-Economic Relations between China and Countries along the Belt and Road," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:816-:d:311868
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/816/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/3/816/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rosita Dellios, 2017. "Silk Roads of the Twenty-first Century: The Cultural Dimension," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(2), pages 225-236, May.
    2. Nader Habibi, 2011. "Growth in economic relations of China and India with the GCC countries," Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, The Crawford School, The Australian National University, vol. 25(2), pages 52-67, November.
    3. Kerry Brown, 2018. "The Belt and Road: Security Dimensions," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 213-222, September.
    4. Rosita Dellios, "undated". "Silk Roads of the Twenty-first Century: The Cultural Dimension," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies 201716, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    5. Shufang Wang & Xiao Xue & Axing Zhu & Yuejing Ge, 2017. "The Key Driving Forces for Geo-Economic Relationships between China and ASEAN Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-20, December.
    6. Mikael Wigell, 2016. "Conceptualizing regional powers’ geoeconomic strategies: neo-imperialism, neo-mercantilism, hegemony, and liberal institutionalism," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 135-151, June.
    7. Mikko Huotari & Sandra Heep, 2016. "Learning geoeconomics: China’s experimental financial and monetary initiatives," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 153-171, June.
    8. Du, Julan & Zhang, Yifei, 2018. "Does One Belt One Road initiative promote Chinese overseas direct investment?," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 189-205.
    9. Boffa,Mauro, 2018. "Trade linkages between the belt and road economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8423, The World Bank.
    10. Mikael Mattlin & Mikael Wigell, 2016. "Geoeconomics in the context of restive regional powers," Asia Europe Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 125-134, June.
    11. John O'Loughlin & Luc Anselin, 1996. "Geo-Economic Competition and Trade Bloc Formation: United States, German, and Japanese Exports, 1968–1992," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 72(2), pages 131-160, April.
    12. Badar Alam Iqbal & Nida Rahman & Jonathan Elimimian, 2019. "The future of global trade in the presence of the Sino-US trade war," Economic and Political Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 217-231, April.
    13. Simeon Djankov & Sean Miner, . "China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Motives, Scope, and Challenges," PIIE Briefings, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number PIIEB16-2, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rui Wang & Yi-Na Li & Jiuchang Wei, 2022. "Growing in the changing global landscape: the intangible resources and performance of high-tech corporates," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 39(3), pages 999-1022, September.
    2. Alves, Ana Cristina & Gong, Xue & Li, Mingjiang, 2023. "The BRI: A new development cooperation paradigm in the making? Unpacking China’s infrastructure cooperation along the Maritime Silk Road," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    3. Wei Hu & Yuejing Ge & Zhiding Hu & Shuai Ye & Feng Yang & Haining Jiang & Kun Hou & Yun Deng, 2022. "Geo-Economic Linkages between China and the Countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and Their Types," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-28, October.
    4. Wei Hu & Yuejing Ge & Zhiding Hu & Na Li & Li Ye & Ziran Jiang & Yun Deng & Shufang Wang & Yue Shan, 2022. "Features of Geo-Economic Network between China and Countries along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Xiaohui Sun & Jianbo Gao & Bin Liu & Zhenzhen Wang, 2021. "Big Data-Based Assessment of Political Risk along the Belt and Road," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-20, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shufang Wang & Axing Zhu & Yuejing Ge & Yuli Liu & Xiao Xue, 2017. "The Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Geo-Economic Relationships between China and ASEAN Countries: Competition or Cooperation?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-21, June.
    2. Mingchun Cao & Ilan Alon, 2020. "Intellectual Structure of the Belt and Road Initiative Research: A Scientometric Analysis and Suggestions for a Future Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-40, August.
    3. Damoah, Kaku Attah & Giovannetti, Giorgia & Marvasi, Enrico, 2022. "Do country centrality and similarity to China matter in the allocation of belt and road projects?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 660-674.
    4. Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati & Yuanxin Li & Samuel Brazys & Alexander Dukalskis, 2019. "Building Bridges or Breaking Bonds? The Belt and Road Initiative and Foreign Aid Competition," Working Papers 201906, Geary Institute, University College Dublin.
    5. Muhammad Khalil Khan & Imran Ali Sandano & Cornelius B. Pratt & Tahir Farid, 2018. "China’s Belt and Road Initiative: A Global Model for an Evolving Approach to Sustainable Regional Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-20, November.
    6. Koffi Dumor & Li Yao, 2019. "Estimating China’s Trade with Its Partner Countries within the Belt and Road Initiative Using Neural Network Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-22, March.
    7. Visansack Khamphengvong & Hongou Zhang & Qitao Wu & Toulany Thavisay, 2022. "Examine the Economic and Social Effects on Lao People’s Perceived Benefit Attitudes towards BRI," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Foo, Nam & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Salim, Ruhul, 2020. "The impact of China’s one belt one road initiative on international trade in the ASEAN region," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    9. Wei Hu & Yuejing Ge & Zhiding Hu & Shuai Ye & Feng Yang & Haining Jiang & Kun Hou & Yun Deng, 2022. "Geo-Economic Linkages between China and the Countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road and Their Types," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-28, October.
    10. Shufang Wang & Xiao Xue & Axing Zhu & Yuejing Ge, 2017. "The Key Driving Forces for Geo-Economic Relationships between China and ASEAN Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-20, December.
    11. Feng, Yusen & Wang, Gang-Jin & Zhu, You & Xie, Chi, 2023. "Systemic risk spillovers and the determinants in the stock markets of the Belt and Road countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    12. Jelena M. Andrić & Jiayuan Wang & Ruoyu Zhong, 2019. "Identifying the Critical Risks in Railway Projects Based on Fuzzy and Sensitivity Analysis: A Case Study of Belt and Road Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-18, March.
    13. John Gibson & Chao Li, 2018. "The “Belt and Road Initiative†and comparative regional productivity in China," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(2), pages 168-181, May.
    14. Xiaobing Yu & Hong Chen & Chenliang Li, 2019. "Evaluate Typhoon Disasters in 21st Century Maritime Silk Road by Super-Efficiency DEA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-10, May.
    15. Wang, Hao & Han, Yonghui & Fidrmuc, Jan & Wei, Dongming, 2021. "Confucius Institute, Belt and Road Initiative, and Internationalization," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 237-256.
    16. Zhang, Zhuo & Zhao, Yongliang & Cai, Haiya & Ajaz, Tahseen, 2023. "Influence of renewable energy infrastructure, Chinese outward FDI, and technical efficiency on ecological sustainability in belt and road node economies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 608-616.
    17. Nguyen, Hong-Kong T. & Vuong, Quan-Hoang & Ho, Tung Manh & Vuong, Thu-Trang, 2018. "The “same bed, different dreams” of Vietnam and China: how (mis)trust could make or break it," OSF Preprints khtn5, Center for Open Science.
    18. Qizhen Wang & Rong Wang & Suxia Liu, 2024. "The reverse technology spillover effect of outward foreign direct investment, energy efficiency and carbon emissions," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(7), pages 17013-17035, July.
    19. Yang Gao, 2022. "The Belt and Road Initiative and cascading innovation in China’s domestic railway ecosystem," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(2), pages 236-258, June.
    20. Chen, Jiyong & Liu, Yishuang & Liu, Wei, 2020. "Investment facilitation and China's outward foreign direct investment along the belt and road," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:3:p:816-:d:311868. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.