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The Impacts of the Expansion of Urban Impervious Surfaces on Urban Heat Islands in a Coastal City in China

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  • Lizhong Hua

    (College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, 600 Ligong Road, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Xinxin Zhang

    (College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, 600 Ligong Road, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Qin Nie

    (College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, 600 Ligong Road, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Fengqin Sun

    (College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, 600 Ligong Road, Xiamen 361024, China)

  • Lina Tang

    (Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China)

Abstract

The effect of the expansion of urban impervious surfaces on surface urban heat islands (UHIs) has attracted research attention due to its relevance for studies of local climatic change and habitat comfort. In this study, using five satellite images of Xiamen city, Southeast China (four images from the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and one from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS)) acquired in summer between 1989 and 2016, together with spatial statistical methods, the changes in impervious surface area (ISA) were investigated, the spatiotemporal variation of the intensity of urban heat islands (UHIs) was explored, and the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and the percentage of impervious surface area (ISA%), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and fractional vegetation coverage (Fv) were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) According to the biophysical composition index (BCI) combined with an ISA post-processing method, Xiamen has witnessed a substantial increase in ISA, showing a 6.1-fold increase from 1989 to 2016. The direction of ISA expansion was consistent throughout the study period in each of the five districts of Xiamen; (2) a bay-like UHI form is observed in the study area, which is remarkably distinct from the central-radial UHI form observed in previous studies of other cities; (3) the extent of UHIs in Xiamen greatly increased between 1989 and 2016, experiencing a 4.7-fold increase in UHI areas during this time. However, during the same period, the urban heat island ratio index (URI)—that is, the ratio of UHI area to ISA—decreased slightly. The UHI area decreased in some urban parts of Xiamen due to a significant increase in vegetation coverage, urban village redevelopment, and the construction of new parks; (4) sea ports and heavy industrial zones are the greatest contributor to surface UHI, followed by urban villages; and (5) LST is strongly positively correlated with ISA%. Each 10% increase in ISA was associated with an increase in summer LST of 0.41 to 0.91 K, which compares well with the results of related studies. This study presents valuable information for the development of regional urban planning strategies to mitigate the effects of UHIs during rapid urbanization.

Suggested Citation

  • Lizhong Hua & Xinxin Zhang & Qin Nie & Fengqin Sun & Lina Tang, 2020. "The Impacts of the Expansion of Urban Impervious Surfaces on Urban Heat Islands in a Coastal City in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:2:p:475-:d:306384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vaz, Eric & Aversa, Joseph, 2013. "A Graph Theory Approach for Geovisualization of Anthropogenic Land Use Change: An Application to Lisbon," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, Cinturs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, vol. 1(4), pages 254-264.
    2. Lizhong Hua & Lina Tang & Shenghui Cui & Kai Yin, 2014. "Simulating Urban Growth Using the SLEUTH Model in a Coastal Peri-Urban District in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 6(6), pages 1-16, June.
    3. Wang Man & Qin Nie & Lizhong Hua & Xuewen Wu & Hui Li, 2019. "Spatio–Temporal Variations in Impervious Surface Patterns during Urban Expansion in a Coastal City: Xiamen, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-12, April.
    4. repec:ris:cieodp:2013_021 is not listed on IDEAS
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    Cited by:

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    2. Yuji Murayama & Matamyo Simwanda & Manjula Ranagalage, 2021. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-5, March.
    3. Abdullah Addas, 2023. "Machine Learning Techniques to Map the Impact of Urban Heat Island: Investigating the City of Jeddah," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-14, May.
    4. David Hidalgo García, 2023. "Evaluation and Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Main Mitigation Measures against Surface Urban Heat Islands in Different Local Climate Zones through Remote Sensing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, July.
    5. Ghali Abdullahi Abubakar & Jiexia Wu & Amir Reza Shahtahmassebi & Ke Wang, 2020. "Necessity of a Multifaceted Approach in Analyzing Growth of Impervious Surfaces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, May.
    6. Hongyu Du & Fengqi Zhou, 2022. "Mitigating Extreme Summer Heat Waves with the Optimal Water-Cooling Island Effect Based on Remote Sensing Data from Shanghai, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-14, July.
    7. Yiting Su & Jing Li & Dongchuan Wang & Jiabao Yue & Xingguang Yan, 2022. "Spatio-Temporal Synergy between Urban Built-Up Areas and Poverty Transformation in Tibet," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-22, July.
    8. Lizhong Hua & Haibo Wang & Huafeng Zhang & Fengqin Sun & Lanhui Li & Lina Tang, 2023. "A New Technique for Impervious Surface Mapping and Its Spatio-Temporal Changes from Landsat and Sentinel-2 Images," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-27, May.
    9. Sishi Wang & Xin Tan & Fenglei Fan, 2023. "Changes in Impervious Surfaces in Lhasa City, a Historical City on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    10. S. M. Talha Qadri & Ateeb Hamdan & Veena Raj & Muhsan Ehsan & Norazanita Shamsuddin & Mohammed Hail Hakimi & Khairul Azlan Mustapha, 2023. "Assessment of Land Surface Temperature from the Indian Cities of Ranchi and Dhanbad during COVID-19 Lockdown: Implications on the Urban Climatology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-23, August.

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