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Sustainable Approach to Eradicate the Inhibitory Effect of Free-Cyanide on Simultaneous Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification during Wastewater Treatment

Author

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  • Ncumisa Mpongwana

    (Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Seteno K. O. Ntwampe

    (Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Elizabeth I. Omodanisi

    (Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
    Department of Biological Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State 110106, Nigeria)

  • Boredi S. Chidi

    (Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

  • Lovasoa C. Razanamahandry

    (Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
    UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience’s/Nanotechnology Laboratories (U2AC2N), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Unisa 0003, South Africa
    Nanosciences African network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS—National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, Cape Town 8000, South Africa)

Abstract

Simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification (SNaD) is a preferred method for single stage total nitrogen (TN) removal, which was recently proposed to improve wastewater treatment plant design. However, SNaD processes are prone to inhibition by toxicant loading with free cyanide (FCN) possessing the highest inhibitory effect on such processes, rendering these processes ineffective. Despite the best efforts of regulators to limit toxicant disposal into municipal wastewater sewage systems (MWSSs), FCN still enters MWSSs through various pathways; hence, it has been suggested that FCN resistant or tolerant microorganisms be utilized for processes such as SNaD. To mitigate toxicant loading, organisms in SNaD have been observed to adopt a diauxic growth strategy to sequentially degrade FCN during primary growth and subsequently degrade TN during the secondary growth phase. However, FCN degrading microorganisms are not widely used for SNaD in MWSSs due to inadequate application of suitable microorganisms ( Chromobacterium violaceum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Thiobacillus denitrificans, Rhodospirillum palustris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Alcaligenes faecalis ) commonly used in single-stage SNaD. This review expatiates the biological remedial strategy to limit the inhibition of SNaD by FCN through the use of FCN degrading or resistant microorganisms. The use of FCN degrading or resistant microorganisms for SNaD is a cost-effective method compared to the use of other methods of FCN removal prior to TN removal, as they involve multi-stage systems (as currently observed in MWSSs). The use of FCN degrading microorganisms, particularly when used as a consortium, presents a promising and sustainable resolution to mitigate inhibitory effects of FCN in SNaD.

Suggested Citation

  • Ncumisa Mpongwana & Seteno K. O. Ntwampe & Elizabeth I. Omodanisi & Boredi S. Chidi & Lovasoa C. Razanamahandry, 2019. "Sustainable Approach to Eradicate the Inhibitory Effect of Free-Cyanide on Simultaneous Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification during Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:21:p:6180-:d:283838
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jack P. C. Kleijnen, 2015. "Response Surface Methodology," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Michael C Fu (ed.), Handbook of Simulation Optimization, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 81-104, Springer.
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