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Why People Are Not Willing to Let Their Children Ride in Driverless School Buses: A Gender and Nationality Comparison

Author

Listed:
  • Emily C. Anania

    (Department of Human Factors, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Stephen Rice

    (Department of Human Factors, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Scott R. Winter

    (School of Graduate Studies, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Mattie N. Milner

    (Department of Human Factors, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Nathan W. Walters

    (Department of Human Factors, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

  • Matthew Pierce

    (Department of Human Factors, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA)

Abstract

As driverless vehicles proliferate, it is possible that this technology will be applied in mass transport vehicles. School buses may be suited for autonomous operations as they follow set routes and schedules. However, a research gap exists in whether or not parents would be willing to have their children ride in autonomously operated school buses. The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ willingness to allow their child to ride in an autonomous school bus. Participant gender and nationality were also two independent variables, along with affect measures as a possible mediating variable. The research used a two-study approach. In study one, it was found that participants were less willing to have their child ride in a driverless school bus than a traditional human-operated vehicle. In study two, findings suggest a significant interaction between the type of driver, participant gender, and nationality. In general, American females were less willing than Indian females and overall, Americans were less willing than Indians in the driverless conditions. Affect was found to be a mediating variable, which suggests that emotions were playing a role in the responses of participants. The paper concludes with theoretical contributions, practical applications, and suggestions for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Emily C. Anania & Stephen Rice & Scott R. Winter & Mattie N. Milner & Nathan W. Walters & Matthew Pierce, 2018. "Why People Are Not Willing to Let Their Children Ride in Driverless School Buses: A Gender and Nationality Comparison," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:34-:d:133982
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Kenichiro Chinen & Yang Sun & Mitsutaka Matsumoto & Yoon-Young Chun, 2020. "Towards a Sustainable Society through Emerging Mobility Services: A Case of Autonomous Buses," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-20, November.
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    4. Olaru, Doina & Greaves, Stephen & Leighton, Catherine & Smith, Brett & Arnold, Tony, 2021. "Peer-to-Peer (P2P) carsharing and driverless vehicles: Attitudes and values of vehicle owners," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 180-194.
    5. Lee, Yi-Ching & Momen, Ali & LaFreniere, Jennifer, 2021. "Attributions of social interactions: Driving among self-driving vs. conventional vehicles," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    6. Janotta, Frederica & Hogreve, Jens, 2024. "Ready for take-off? The dual role of affective and cognitive evaluations in the adoption of Urban Air Mobility services," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    7. M. Eugenia López-Lambas & Andrea Alonso, 2019. "The Driverless Bus: An Analysis of Public Perceptions and Acceptability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
    8. Ward, Kenneth A. & Winter, Scott R. & Cross, David S. & Robbins, John M. & Mehta, Rian & Doherty, Shawn & Rice, Stephen, 2021. "Safety systems, culture, and willingness to fly in autonomous air taxis: A multi-study and mediation analysis," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    9. Peng Jing & Gang Xu & Yuexia Chen & Yuji Shi & Fengping Zhan, 2020. "The Determinants behind the Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-26, February.
    10. Lamb, Tracy L. & Winter, Scott R. & Rice, Stephen & Ruskin, Keith J. & Vaughn, Austin, 2020. "Factors that predict passengers willingness to fly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

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