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Chemical Element Mixtures and Kidney Function in Mining and Non-Mining Settings in Northern Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar

    (Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia)

  • Olga M. Medina

    (Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia)

  • Oscar Flórez-Vargas

    (Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia)

  • Eugenio Vilanova

    (Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain)

  • Alvaro J. Idrovo

    (Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia)

  • Santiago A. Araque-Rodriguez

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Programa de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 681003, Colombia)

  • José A. Henao

    (Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680006, Colombia)

  • Luz H. Sánchez-Rodríguez

    (Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 68002, Colombia)

Abstract

The exposure to chemical mixtures is a problem of concern in developing countries and it is well known that the kidney is the major target organ for toxic elements. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the individual and composite mixture effect of a large number of chemical elements on kidney function in gold-mining and surrounding non-mining populations in northeast Colombia. We measured concentrations of 36 chemical elements in hair as indicators of chronic exposure from 199 adult participants. We estimated the effect of exposure to mixtures of chemical elements on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using weighted quantile sum regression (WQS). The WQS index of the mixture was associated with reduced eGFR (Coefficient −2.42; 95%CI: −4.69, −0.16) being Be, Cd, Pb, As, and Mn, the principal contributors of the toxic mixture. Mining activities and Hg concentration were not associated with decreased kidney function. Our results suggest that complex mixtures of chemical elements, mainly heavy metals, act as nephrotoxic in these populations and therefore the analysis of chemical element mixtures is a better approach to identify environmental and occupational chemical risks for kidney damage.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura A. Rodriguez-Villamizar & Olga M. Medina & Oscar Flórez-Vargas & Eugenio Vilanova & Alvaro J. Idrovo & Santiago A. Araque-Rodriguez & José A. Henao & Luz H. Sánchez-Rodríguez, 2023. "Chemical Element Mixtures and Kidney Function in Mining and Non-Mining Settings in Northern Colombia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2321-:d:1049316
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yafei Wang & Yuqing Tang & Zhou Li & Qihang Hua & Li Wang & Xin Song & Baobo Zou & Min Ding & Jinshun Zhao & Chunlan Tang, 2020. "Joint Toxicity of a Multi-Heavy Metal Mixture and Chemoprevention in Sprague Dawley Rats," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    2. Bonnie R. Joubert & Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou & Toccara Chamberlain & Hua Yun Chen & Chris Gennings & Mary E. Turyk & Marie Lynn Miranda & Thomas F. Webster & Katherine B. Ensor & David B. Dunson, 2022. "Powering Research through Innovative Methods for Mixtures in Epidemiology (PRIME) Program: Novel and Expanded Statistical Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Giuseppe Genchi & Maria Stefania Sinicropi & Graziantonio Lauria & Alessia Carocci & Alessia Catalano, 2020. "The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-24, May.
    4. Chris Gennings & Katherine Svensson & Alicja Wolk & Christian Lindh & Hannu Kiviranta & Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, 2022. "Using Metrics of a Mixture Effect and Nutrition from an Observational Study for Consideration towards Causal Inference," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, February.
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