IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2022i1p524-d1018157.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of Virtual Reality Exercises versus Isokinetic Exercises in comparison with Conventional Exercises on the Imaging Findings and Inflammatory Biomarker Changes in Soccer Players with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Gopal Nambi

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mshari Alghadier

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

  • Faizan Zaffar Kashoo

    (Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Osama R. Aldhafian

    (Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia)

  • Naif A. Nwihadh

    (King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ayman K. Saleh

    (Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Mohamed A. Omar

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Tohamy G. T. Hassan

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Mohamed Nagah Ahmed Ibrahim

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Hassan Fathy El Behairy

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Abdehamid A. Attallah

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Mohammed Abdelgwad Ismail

    (Department of Orthopedic, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

Abstract

Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNLBP) is the most common musculoskeletal problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of advanced physiotherapeutic exercise programs on imaging findings and inflammatory biomarkers in soccer players with CNLBP. In total, 60 CNLBP participants were divided into virtual reality exercise (VRE; n = 20), isokinetic exercise (IKE; n = 20), and conventional exercise ( n = 20) groups. Pain intensity, imaging findings (muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness), and changes in inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6) were measured at baseline and after four weeks. After four weeks of intervention, there was a significant improvement ( p = 0.001) in pain intensity for the VRE vs. IKE (0.7; CI 95% 0.38 to 1.07) and VRE vs. conventional (3.0 CI 95% 2.68 to 3.31) groups. The IKE group showed a greater number of significant changes in muscle CSA and muscle thickness than the other two groups ( p < 0.001). Moreover, the VRE group showed significant improvement in inflammatory biomarker measures compared with the other two groups ( p < 0.001). In CNLBP, virtual and isokinetic exercises had equal effects on reducing pain intensity. Isokinetic exercise is beneficial in increasing the muscle CSA and thickness, and virtual exercises are helpful for attenuating the inflammation process in soccer players with CNLBP.

Suggested Citation

  • Gopal Nambi & Mshari Alghadier & Faizan Zaffar Kashoo & Osama R. Aldhafian & Naif A. Nwihadh & Ayman K. Saleh & Mohamed A. Omar & Tohamy G. T. Hassan & Mohamed Nagah Ahmed Ibrahim & Hassan Fathy El Be, 2022. "Effects of Virtual Reality Exercises versus Isokinetic Exercises in comparison with Conventional Exercises on the Imaging Findings and Inflammatory Biomarker Changes in Soccer Players with Non-Specifi," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:524-:d:1018157
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/524/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/524/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jiali Qian & Daniel J. McDonough & Zan Gao, 2020. "The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Exercise on Individual’s Physiological, Psychological and Rehabilitative Outcomes: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Michal Krzysztofik & Michal Wilk & Grzegorz Wojdała & Artur Gołaś, 2019. "Maximizing Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review of Advanced Resistance Training Techniques and Methods," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-14, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alan Langer & Jacek Polechoński & Piotr Polechoński & Jarosław Cholewa, 2022. "Ruler Drop Method in Virtual Reality as an Accurate and Reliable Tool for Evaluation of Reaction Time of Mixed Martial Artists," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Konstantin Warneke & Michael Keiner & Martin Hillebrecht & Stephan Schiemann, 2022. "Influence of One Hour versus Two Hours of Daily Static Stretching for Six Weeks Using a Calf-Muscle-Stretching Orthosis on Maximal Strength," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-11, September.
    3. Íbis A. P. Moraes & Joyce A. Lima & Nadja M. Silva & Amanda O. Simcsik & Ana C. Silveira & Lilian D. C. Menezes & Luciano V. Araújo & Tânia B. Crocetta & Mariana C. Voos & James Tonks & Talita D. Silv, 2022. "Effect of Longitudinal Practice in Real and Virtual Environments on Motor Performance, Physical Activity and Enjoyment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Contr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    4. Seong-Hee Jo & Jin-Seok Park & Poung-Sik Yeon, 2021. "The Effect of Forest Video Using Virtual Reality on the Stress Reduction of University Students Focused on C University in Korea," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-11, December.
    5. Natalia Wołoszyn & Justyna Brożonowicz & Joanna Grzegorczyk & Justyna Leszczak & Andrzej Kwolek & Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej, 2023. "The Impact of Physical Exercises with Elements of Dance Movement Therapy on Anthropometric Parameters and Physical Fitness among Functionally Limited Older Nursing Home Residents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Andra Muhu & Henri Tilga, 2023. "Strength Training Habits and Awareness of Its Recommendations among 18–63-Year-Old Adults," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    7. Xiaochen Zhang & Lanxin Hui & Muge Li & Jiajing Huang & Chengyuan Chen & Yunping Yang & Fuchuan Song & Fei Hu & Ding-Bang Luh, 2022. "Design to Assist Better Youthhood for Adolescents with Lower-Limb Disability through Virtual Reality Sports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-16, March.
    8. Michal Krzysztofik & Michal Wilk & Aleksandra Filip & Piotr Zmijewski & Adam Zajac & James J. Tufano, 2020. "Can Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) Improve Resistance Training Volume during the Bench Press Exercise?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-10, April.
    9. Ja-Gyeong Yang & Ngeemasara Thapa & Hye-Jin Park & Seongryu Bae & Kyung Won Park & Jong-Hwan Park & Hyuntae Park, 2022. "Virtual Reality and Exercise Training Enhance Brain, Cognitive, and Physical Health in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-14, October.
    10. Roxana Steliana Miclaus & Nadinne Roman & Ramona Henter & Silviu Caloian, 2021. "Lower Extremity Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Stroke Sequelae through Virtual Reality Associated with Mirror Therapy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-14, March.
    11. Jacek Polechoński & Katarzyna Nierwińska & Barbara Kalita & Piotr Wodarski, 2020. "Can Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality Be Attractive and Have Sufficient Intensity to Meet Health Recommendations for Obese Children? A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-14, November.
    12. Wangqian Fu & Chenying Ji, 2023. "Application and Effect of Virtual Reality Technology in Motor Skill Intervention for Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-12, March.
    13. Alessandra Perra & Chiara Laura Riccardo & Valerio De Lorenzo & Erika De Marco & Lorenzo Di Natale & Peter Konstantin Kurotschka & Antonio Preti & Mauro Giovanni Carta, 2023. "Fully Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Remediation for Adults with Psychosocial Disabilities: A Systematic Scoping Review of Methods Intervention Gaps and Meta-Analysis of Published Effective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-13, January.
    14. Tatiana Moro & Giuseppe Marcolin & Antonino Bianco & Francesco Bolzetta & Linda Berton & Giuseppe Sergi & Antonio Paoli, 2020. "Effects of 6 Weeks of Traditional Resistance Training or High Intensity Interval Resistance Training on Body Composition, Aerobic Power and Strength in Healthy Young Subjects: A Randomized Parallel Tr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    15. Oliver Czech & Katarzyna Siewierska & Aleksandra Krzywińska & Jakub Skórniak & Adam Maciejczyk & Rafał Matkowski & Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha & Iwona Malicka, 2022. "Virtual Therapy Complementary Prehabilitation of Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-10, December.
    16. Michal Krzysztofik & Patryk Matykiewicz & Diana Celebanska & Jakub Jarosz & Eliza Gawel & Anna Zwierzchowska, 2021. "The Acute Post-Activation Performance Enhancement of the Bench Press Throw in Disabled Sitting Volleyball Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-8, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:524-:d:1018157. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.