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Effect of Longitudinal Practice in Real and Virtual Environments on Motor Performance, Physical Activity and Enjoyment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Controlled Trial

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  • Íbis A. P. Moraes

    (Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    College of Medicine and Health, St Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK)

  • Joyce A. Lima

    (Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil)

  • Nadja M. Silva

    (Medicine (Cardiology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil)

  • Amanda O. Simcsik

    (Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil)

  • Ana C. Silveira

    (Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil)

  • Lilian D. C. Menezes

    (Medicine (Cardiology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil)

  • Luciano V. Araújo

    (Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil)

  • Tânia B. Crocetta

    (Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil)

  • Mariana C. Voos

    (Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), São Paulo 05014-901, Brazil)

  • James Tonks

    (College of Medicine and Health, St Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK)

  • Talita D. Silva

    (Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Medicine (Cardiology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
    Faculty of Medicine, University City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo 03071-000, Brazil)

  • Helen Dawes

    (College of Medicine and Health, St Lukes Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
    Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK)

  • Carlos B. M. Monteiro

    (Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
    Physical Activity Sciences, School of Arts, Science and Humanities, University of São Paulo (EACH-USP), São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil)

Abstract

(1) Background: People with ASD commonly present difficulty performing motor skills and a decline in physical activity (PA) level and low enjoyment of PA. We aimed to evaluate whether longitudinal practice of an activity in virtual and real environments improves motor performance and whether this improvement is transferred to a subsequent practice when changing the environment, promoting PA and providing enjoyment; (2) Methods: People with ASD, aged between 10 and 16 years, were included and distributed randomly into two opposite sequences. The participants performed a 10 session protocol, with five sessions practicing in each environment (virtual or real). Heart rate measurement was carried out and an enjoyment scale was applied; (3) Results: 22 participants concluded the protocol. Sequence A (virtual first) presented an improvement in accuracy and precision and transferred this when changing environment; they also had a greater change in heart rate reserve. The majority of participants reported “fun” and “great fun” levels for enjoyment; (4) Conclusions: The virtual reality activity presented a higher level of difficulty, with greater gains in terms of transference to the real environment. Considering PA, our task provided very light to light activity and the majority of participants enjoyed the task.

Suggested Citation

  • Íbis A. P. Moraes & Joyce A. Lima & Nadja M. Silva & Amanda O. Simcsik & Ana C. Silveira & Lilian D. C. Menezes & Luciano V. Araújo & Tânia B. Crocetta & Mariana C. Voos & James Tonks & Talita D. Silv, 2022. "Effect of Longitudinal Practice in Real and Virtual Environments on Motor Performance, Physical Activity and Enjoyment in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Contr," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:14668-:d:966815
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jinfeng Huang & Chunjie Du & Jianjin Liu & Guangxin Tan, 2020. "Meta-Analysis on Intervention Effects of Physical Activities on Children and Adolescents with Autism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-11, March.
    2. Rodrigo M. Dias & Íbis A. P. Moraes & Maria T. A. P. Dantas & Deborah C. G. L. Fernani & Anne M. G. G. Fontes & Ana C. Silveira & Viviani Barnabé & Marcelo Fernandes & Patrícia M. Martinelli & Carlos , 2021. "Influence of Chronic Exposure to Exercise on Heart Rate Variability in Children and Adolescents Affected by Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
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    4. Małgorzata Dębska & Jacek Polechoński & Arkadiusz Mynarski & Piotr Polechoński, 2019. "Enjoyment and Intensity of Physical Activity in Immersive Virtual Reality Performed on Innovative Training Devices in Compliance with Recommendations for Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-12, September.
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