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Cognitive Benefits of Physical Exercise, Physical–Cognitive Training, and Technology-Based Intervention in Obese Individuals with and without Postmenopausal Condition: A Narrative Review

Author

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  • Puntarik Keawtep

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Wanachaporn Wichayanrat

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Sirinun Boripuntakul

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Siriporn C. Chattipakorn

    (Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

  • Somporn Sungkarat

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
    Research Group of Modern Management and Information Technology, College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand)

Abstract

Obesity and estrogen deprivation have been identified as significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Thus, postmenopausal conditions when paired with obesity may amplify the risks of developing dementia. Physical exercise has been recommended as a primary treatment for preventing obesity-related comorbidities and alleviating menopausal symptoms. This narrative review aimed to summarize the effects of exercise on cognition in obese individuals with and without menopausal condition, along with potential physiological mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement. Research evidence has demonstrated that exercise benefits not only physical but also cognitive and brain health. Among various types of exercise, recent studies have suggested that combined physical–cognitive exercise may exert larger gains in cognitive benefits than physical or cognitive exercise alone. Despite the scarcity of studies investigating the effects of physical and combined physical–cognitive exercise in obese individuals, especially those with menopausal condition, existing evidence has shown promising findings. Applying these exercises through technology-based interventions may be a viable approach to increase accessibility and adherence to the intervention. More evidence from randomized clinical trials with large samples and rigorous methodology is required. Further, investigations of biochemical and physiological outcomes along with behavioral changes will provide insight into underlying mechanisms linking these interventions to cognitive improvement.

Suggested Citation

  • Puntarik Keawtep & Wanachaporn Wichayanrat & Sirinun Boripuntakul & Siriporn C. Chattipakorn & Somporn Sungkarat, 2022. "Cognitive Benefits of Physical Exercise, Physical–Cognitive Training, and Technology-Based Intervention in Obese Individuals with and without Postmenopausal Condition: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-15, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:20:p:13364-:d:943988
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alexandre Monte Campelo & Larry Katz, 2020. "Older Adults’ Perceptions of the Usefulness of Technologies for Engaging in Physical Activity: Using Focus Groups to Explore Physical Literacy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-14, February.
    2. Patricia Alexandra García-Garro & Fidel Hita-Contreras & Antonio Martínez-Amat & Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa & José Daniel Jiménez-García & David Cruz-Díaz & Agustín Aibar-Almazán, 2020. "Effectiveness of A Pilates Training Program on Cognitive and Functional Abilities in Postmenopausal Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-12, May.
    3. Wei Guo & Ming Zang & Sebastian Klich & Adam Kawczyński & Małgorzata Smoter & Biye Wang, 2020. "Effect of Combined Physical and Cognitive Interventions on Executive Functions in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Outcomes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-19, August.
    4. Boram Kim & Sunghwun Kang, 2020. "Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity is Effective in Boosting Neurotrophic Factors and Alleviating Menopause Symptoms," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Daniel Collado-Mateo & Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez & Cecilia Peñacoba & Juan Del Coso & Marta Leyton-Román & Antonio Luque-Casado & Pablo Gasque & Miguel Ángel Fernández-del-Olmo & Diana Amado-Alonso, 2021. "Key Factors Associated with Adherence to Physical Exercise in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Older Adults: An Umbrella Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-24, February.
    6. Kochaphan Phirom & Teerawat Kamnardsiri & Somporn Sungkarat, 2020. "Beneficial Effects of Interactive Physical-Cognitive Game-Based Training on Fall Risk and Cognitive Performance of Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Beata Sokołowska, 2023. "Impact of Virtual Reality Cognitive and Motor Exercises on Brain Health," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-18, February.

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