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Dietary Diversity and Dietary Patterns in School-Aged Children in Western Kenya: A Latent Class Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Tiange Liu

    (Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Sherryl Broverman

    (Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
    Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA)

  • Eve S. Puffer

    (Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
    Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA)

  • Daniel A. Zaltz

    (Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman

    (Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

  • Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon

    (Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
    Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA)

Abstract

Inadequate diet among children has both immediate and long-term negative health impacts, but little is known about dietary diversity and dietary patterns of school-aged children in rural Kenya. We assessed dietary diversity and identified dietary patterns in school-aged children in Western Kenya using a latent class approach. We collected dietary intake using a 24 h dietary recall among students in elementary schools in two rural villages (hereafter village A and B) in Western Kenya in 2013. The mean (SD) age was 11.6 (2.2) years in village A ( n = 759) and 12.6 (2.2) years in village B ( n = 1143). We evaluated dietary diversity using the 10-food-group-based women’s dietary diversity score (WDDS) and found a mean (SD) WDDS of 4.1 (1.4) in village A and 2.6 (0.9) in village B. We identified three distinct dietary patterns in each village using latent class analysis. In both villages, the most diverse pattern (28.5% in A and 57.8% in B) had high consumption of grains, white roots and tubers, and plantains; dairy; meat, poultry, and fish; and other vegetables. Despite variation for some children, dietary diversity was relatively low for children overall, supporting the need for additional resources to improve the overall diet of children in western Kenya.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiange Liu & Sherryl Broverman & Eve S. Puffer & Daniel A. Zaltz & Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman & Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon, 2022. "Dietary Diversity and Dietary Patterns in School-Aged Children in Western Kenya: A Latent Class Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-12, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9130-:d:872309
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Linzer, Drew A. & Lewis, Jeffrey B., 2011. "poLCA: An R Package for Polytomous Variable Latent Class Analysis," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 42(i10).
    2. Davis Muthini & Jonathan Nzuma & Rose Nyikal, 2020. "Farm production diversity and its association with dietary diversity in Kenya," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(5), pages 1107-1120, October.
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    1. Nisar Ahmed Khan & Majid Ali & Nihal Ahmad & Muhammad Ali Abid & Sigrid Kusch-Brandt, 2022. "Technical Efficiency Analysis of Layer and Broiler Poultry Farmers in Pakistan," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-21, October.
    2. Huay Woon You, 2022. "Modelling Analysis on Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Status among Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-9, November.
    3. Ilaria Proietti & Irmgard Jordan & Teresa Borelli, 2025. "Enhancing Nutrition and Cost Efficiency in Kenyan School Meals Using Neglected and Underutilized Species and Linear Programming: A Case Study from an Informal Settlement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-19, March.

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