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Long-Term Variations in Global Solar Radiation and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Substances at Qomolangma

Author

Listed:
  • Jianhui Bai

    (LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)

  • Xuemei Zong

    (LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China)

  • Yaoming Ma

    (State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes, Dingri, Shigatse 858200, China)

  • Binbin Wang

    (State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    National Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes, Dingri, Shigatse 858200, China)

  • Chuanfeng Zhao

    (State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Yikung Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Jie Guang

    (State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Zhiyuan Cong

    (State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Kaili Li

    (Nanjing Zhongkehuaxing Emergency Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 211899, China)

  • Tao Song

    (Nanjing Zhongkehuaxing Emergency Science and Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 211899, China)

Abstract

An empirical model to estimate global solar radiation was developed at Qomolangma Station using observed solar radiation and meteorological parameters. The predicted hourly global solar radiation agrees well with observations at the ground in 2008–2011. This model was used to calculate global solar radiation at the ground and its loss in the atmosphere due to absorbing and scattering substances in 2007–2020. A sensitivity analysis shows that the responses of global solar radiation to changes in water vapor and scattering factors (expressed as water-vapor pressure and the attenuation factor, AF, respectively) are nonlinear, and global solar radiation is more sensitive to changes in scattering than to changes in absorption. Further applying this empirical model, the albedos at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface in 2007–2020 were computed and are in line with satellite-based retrievals. During 2007–2020, the mean estimated annual global solar radiation increased by 0.22% per year, which was associated with a decrease in AF of 1.46% and an increase in water-vapor pressure of 0.37% per year. The annual mean air temperature increased by about 0.16 °C over the 14 years. Annual mean losses of solar radiation caused by absorbing and scattering substances and total loss were 2.55, 0.64, and 3.19 MJ m −2 , respectively. The annual average absorbing loss was much larger than the scattering loss; their contributions to the total loss were 77.23% and 22.77%, indicating that absorbing substances play significant roles. The annual absorbing loss increased by 0.42% per year, and scattering and total losses decreased by 2.00% and 0.14% per year, respectively. The estimated and satellite-derived annual albedos increased at the TOA and decreased at the surface. This study shows that solar radiation and its interactions with atmospheric absorbing and scattering substances have played key but different roles in regional climate and climate change at the three poles.

Suggested Citation

  • Jianhui Bai & Xuemei Zong & Yaoming Ma & Binbin Wang & Chuanfeng Zhao & Yikung Yang & Jie Guang & Zhiyuan Cong & Kaili Li & Tao Song, 2022. "Long-Term Variations in Global Solar Radiation and Its Interaction with Atmospheric Substances at Qomolangma," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-24, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:8906-:d:869055
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