IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i14p8858-d868287.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Hsiu-Hsi Chiang

    (Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Po-Fu Lee

    (Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Ilan University, Yilan County 260, Taiwan
    College of Humanities and Management, National Ilan University, Yilan County 260, Taiwan)

  • Yun-Tsung Chen

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Chi-Fang Lin

    (Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan)

  • Shu Xu

    (Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA)

  • Yi-Tien Lin

    (Superintendent Office, Fu Jen Catholic Hospital, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
    Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Yu-Ting Lin

    (Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City 111, Taiwan)

  • Yan-Jhu Su

    (Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA)

  • Ben-Chang Shia

    (Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

  • Wen-Sheng ChangChien

    (Innovation Lab, H2U Corporation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan)

  • Chien-Chang Ho

    (Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
    Office of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan)

Abstract

In terms of public health, obesity and overweight have become major concerns worldwide. Nevertheless, regarding body composition, it is important to have a more precise understanding of the fat-to-muscle ratio. Hence, this study aimed to adopt bioelectrical impedance measurements to test body fat percentage (BF%) and to determine the associations between health-related physical fitness and both body fat (BF) distribution and BF obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from Taiwan’s Scientific Physical Fitness Survey. From the database, responses from 17,970 participants aged 23–64 years were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of health-related physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3 min of a progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test), muscular fitness (hand-grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). The BF% of each participant was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. BF% was negatively associated with low performance on the 3MPKS (β = 11.314, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 12.308, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength ( β = 2.071, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 0.859, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach ( β = 0.337, p = 0.008 for women) tests but was positively associated with sit-and-reach ( β = −0.394, p = 0.004 for men). A risk of BF obesity for low performance of 3MPKS (odds ratio (OR) = 26.554, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 25.808, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (OR = 1.682, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 1.234, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (OR = 1.142, p = 0.007 for women) tests was observed. These results suggest that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility are associated with an increased risk of BF obesity.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsiu-Hsi Chiang & Po-Fu Lee & Yun-Tsung Chen & Chi-Fang Lin & Shu Xu & Yi-Tien Lin & Yu-Ting Lin & Yan-Jhu Su & Ben-Chang Shia & Wen-Sheng ChangChien & Chien-Chang Ho, 2022. "Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8858-:d:868287
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8858/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8858/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fang Li & Chun-Hao Chang & Yu-Chun Chung & Huey-June Wu & Nai-Wen Kan & Wen-Sheng ChangChien & Chin-Shan Ho & Chi-Chang Huang, 2021. "Development and Validation of 3 Min Incremental Step-In-Place Test for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Home Settings: A Submaximal Exercise Study to Assess Cardiorespiratory Fitness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Po-Fu Lee & Chien-Chang Ho & Ding-Peng Yeh & Chang-Tsen Hung & Yun-Chi Chang & Chia-Chen Liu & Ching-Yu Tseng & Xin-Yu Hsieh, 2020. "Cross-Sectional Associations of Physical Fitness Performance Level and Sleep Duration among Older Adults: Results from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    3. Cawley, John & Meyerhoefer, Chad, 2012. "The medical care costs of obesity: An instrumental variables approach," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 219-230.
    4. Emmanuel Bonney & Gillian Ferguson & Bouwien Smits-Engelsman, 2018. "Relationship between Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory and Musculoskeletal Fitness among South African Adolescent Girls," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Feng Sun & Qiang He & Xiaohan Sun & Jianxin Wang, 2022. "The Association between Body Mass Index and Muscular Fitness in Chinese College Freshmen," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-13, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Md. Alauddin Majumder, 2013. "Does Obesity Matter for Wages? Evidence from the United States," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 32(2), pages 200-217, June.
    2. Hsin-Han Chen & Hui-Ling Chen & Yi-Tien Lin & Chaou-Wen Lin & Chien-Chang Ho & Hsueh-Yi Lin & Po-Fu Lee, 2020. "The Associations between Functional Fitness Test Performance and Abdominal Obesity in Healthy Elderly People: Results from the National Physical Fitness Examination Survey in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Bemile, Esther & Anders, Sven M., 2014. "Linking Diet-Health Behaviour and Obesity using Propensity Score Matching," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 182832, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Allais, Olivier & Etilé, Fabrice & Lecocq, Sébastien, 2015. "Mandatory labels, taxes and market forces: An empirical evaluation of fat policies," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 27-44.
    5. Courtemanche, Charles & Tchernis, Rusty & Zhou, Xilin, 2017. "Parental Work Hours and Childhood Obesity: Evidence Using Instrumental Variables Related to Sibling School Eligibility," IZA Discussion Papers 10739, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    6. Bastian, Nathaniel D. & Swenson, Eric R. & Ma, Linlin & Na, Hyeong Suk & Griffin, Paul M., 2017. "Incentive contract design for food retailers to reduce food deserts in the US," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 87-98.
    7. Bansal, S. & Zilberman, D., 2018. "Role of health care expenditure in countering adverse effects of obesity on health: Evidence from global data," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 275941, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Neuhofer, Zachary & McFadden, Brandon R. & Rihn, Alicia & Wei, Xuan & Khachatryan, Hayk & House, Lisa, 2020. "Can the updated nutrition facts label decrease sugar-sweetened beverage consumption?," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    9. Johanna Catherine Maclean, 2016. "Does Leaving School in an Economic Downturn Persistently Affect Body Weight? Evidence from Panel Data," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(1), pages 122-148, January.
    10. Julian M. Alston & Joanna P. MacEwan & Abigail M. Okrent, 2016. "Effects of U.S. Public Agricultural R&D on U.S. Obesity and its Social Costs," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 38(3), pages 492-520.
    11. Cavaliere, Alessia & De Marchi, Elisa & Banterle, Alessandro, 2013. "Time Preference and Health: The Problem of Obesity," 2013 International European Forum, February 18-22, 2013, Innsbruck-Igls, Austria 164754, International European Forum on System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks.
    12. Caliendo, Marco & Gehrsitz, Markus, 2016. "Obesity and the labor market: A fresh look at the weight penalty," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 209-225.
    13. Joachim Marti & Michael R. Richards, 2017. "Smoking Response to Health and Medical Spending Changes and the Role of Insurance," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 305-320, March.
    14. O'Connell, Martin & Smith, Kate, 2020. "Corrective Tax Design and Market Power," CEPR Discussion Papers 14582, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    15. Jan Häußler, 2014. "Effects of Obesity and Physical Activity on Health Care Utilization and Costs," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2014-07, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.
    16. repec:ags:remeag:163038 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Zasimova, Liudmila, 2022. "The association between fast-food consumption and job-related factors among Russian adults," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    18. Cremer, Helmuth & Goulão, Catarina & Roeder, Kerstin, 2016. "Earmarking and the political support of fat taxes," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 258-267.
    19. Joachim Winter & Amelie Wuppermann, 2014. "Do They Know What Is At Risk? Health Risk Perception Among The Obese," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(5), pages 564-585, May.
    20. Cawley, John & Price, Joshua A., 2013. "A case study of a workplace wellness program that offers financial incentives for weight loss," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 794-803.
    21. Lori Liebl & Susan Barnason & Diane Brage Hudson, 2016. "Awakening: a qualitative study on maintaining weight loss after bariatric surgery," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(7-8), pages 951-961, April.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8858-:d:868287. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.