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Relationship between Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory and Musculoskeletal Fitness among South African Adolescent Girls

Author

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  • Emmanuel Bonney

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
    Department of Physiotherapy, School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana)

  • Gillian Ferguson

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa)

  • Bouwien Smits-Engelsman

    (Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa)

Abstract

Background : Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness are important health indicators that support optimal physical functioning. Understanding the relationship between body mass index and these health markers may contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions to address obesity-related complications. The relationship between body mass index, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness has not been well explored, particularly in female adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness among South African adolescent girls in low-income communities. Methods : This cross-sectional study included 151 adolescent girls, aged 13–16 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 20 m shuttle run test and musculoskeletal fitness was assessed using a variety of field-based tests. Height and weight were measured with standardised procedures and body mass index (BMI) was derived by the formula [BMI = weight (kg)/height (m) 2 ]. Participants were categorised into three BMI groups using the International Obesity Task Force age- and gender-specific cut-off points. Pearson correlations were used to determine the association between body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of musculoskeletal fitness at p ≤ 0.05. Results : Overweight and obese girls were found to have lower cardiorespiratory fitness, decreased lower extremity muscular strength, greater grip strength, and more hypermobile joints compared to normal-weight peers. BMI was negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and lower extremity muscular strength. Conclusions : The findings indicate that increased body mass correlates with decreased cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness. Interventions should be developed to target these important components of physical fitness in this demographic group.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Bonney & Gillian Ferguson & Bouwien Smits-Engelsman, 2018. "Relationship between Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory and Musculoskeletal Fitness among South African Adolescent Girls," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:15:y:2018:i:6:p:1087-:d:149283
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reddy, S.P. & Resnicow, K. & James, S. & Funani, I.N. & Kambaran, N.S. & Omardien, R.G. & Masuka, P. & Sewpaul, R. & Vaughan, R.D. & Mbewu, A., 2012. "Rapid increases in overweight and obesity among South African adolescents: Comparison of data from the South African national youth risk behaviour survey in 2002 and 2008," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(2), pages 262-268.
    2. Pei-Lin Hsieh & Min-Li Chen & Chiu-Mieh Huang & Wen-Chyuan Chen & Chun-Huei Li & Li-Chun Chang, 2014. "Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness among School Children in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-11, July.
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    1. Yuqiang Li & Feng Zhang & Qi Chen & Xiaojian Yin & Cunjian Bi & Xiaofang Yang & Yi Sun & Ming Li & Ting Zhang & Yuan Liu & Tao Chen & Akira Suzuki & Satoshi Haneda, 2020. "Levels of Physical Fitness and Weight Status in Children and Adolescents: A Comparison between China and Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Hsiu-Hsi Chiang & Po-Fu Lee & Yun-Tsung Chen & Chi-Fang Lin & Shu Xu & Yi-Tien Lin & Yu-Ting Lin & Yan-Jhu Su & Ben-Chang Shia & Wen-Sheng ChangChien & Chien-Chang Ho, 2022. "Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-11, July.

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