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Experimental Investigation of Aerosol and CO 2 Dispersion for Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Concert Hall

Author

Listed:
  • Wolfgang Schade

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, 38640 Goslar, Germany
    IEPT, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal, Germany)

  • Vladislav Reimer

    (Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, 38640 Goslar, Germany
    IEPT, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal, Germany)

  • Martin Seipenbusch

    (ParteQ GmbH, 76316 Malsch, Germany)

  • Ulrike Willer

    (IEPT, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal, Germany)

Abstract

The dispersion of small aerosols in a concert hall is experimentally studied for estimating the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 during a concert. A mannequin was modified to emit an air stream containing aerosols and CO 2 . The aerosols have a size distribution with a peak diameter ( δ ) close to 0.3 µm and a horizontal initial particle velocity ( v p , x ) of 2.4 m/s. The CO 2 -concentration (c) emitted simultaneously is 7500 ppm. It is investigated, if the spatial dissipation of aerosols and CO 2 can be correlated. This would allow the use of technically easier CO 2 measurements to monitor compliance with aerosol concentration limits. Both aerosol and CO 2 concentrations are mapped by different sensors placed around the mannequin. As a result, no significant enrichment of aerosols and CO 2 was obtained outside a radius of 1.5 m when the fresh air ventilation in the concert hall has a steady vertical flow with a velocity of v g , z = 0.05 m / s and the installed ventilation system was operating at an air change rate per hour (ACH) of 3, corresponding to an air exchange rate of 51,000 m 3 /h. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.77 was obtained for CO 2 and aerosol concentrations measured simultaneously at different positions within the concert hall.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfgang Schade & Vladislav Reimer & Martin Seipenbusch & Ulrike Willer, 2021. "Experimental Investigation of Aerosol and CO 2 Dispersion for Evaluation of COVID-19 Infection Risk in a Concert Hall," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-11, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:3037-:d:517671
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jos Lelieveld & Frank Helleis & Stephan Borrmann & Yafang Cheng & Frank Drewnick & Gerald Haug & Thomas Klimach & Jean Sciare & Hang Su & Ulrich Pöschl, 2020. "Model Calculations of Aerosol Transmission and Infection Risk of COVID-19 in Indoor Environments," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Jean-Michel Wendling & Thibaut Fabacher & Philippe-Pierre Pébaÿ & Isabelle Cosperec & Michaël Rochoy, 2021. "Experimental Efficacy of the Face Shield and the Mask against Emitted and Potentially Received Particles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-14, February.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Barone, Giovanni & Buonomano, Annamaria & Forzano, Cesare & Giuzio, Giovanni Francesco & Palombo, Adolfo, 2022. "Energy, economic, and environmental impacts of enhanced ventilation strategies on railway coaches to reduce Covid-19 contagion risks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    3. Birte Knobling & Gefion Franke & Lisa Beike & Timo Dickhuth & Johannes K. Knobloch, 2022. "Reading the Score of the Air—Change in Airborne Microbial Load in Contrast to Particulate Matter during Music Making," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-13, August.
    4. Marta Baselga & Juan J. Alba & Alberto J. Schuhmacher, 2022. "The Control of Metabolic CO 2 in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Thomas Zimmerman & Neha Sharma & Hakan Bulu & Vanessa Burrowes & David Beymer & Vandana Mukherjee, 2024. "Interactive Simulation of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions of Airborne Disease Transmission in Office Settings," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(11), pages 1-20, October.
    6. Simon Li, 2023. "Review of Engineering Controls for Indoor Air Quality: A Systems Design Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-46, September.

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