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Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure

Author

Listed:
  • Tareq Hussein

    (Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
    Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Jakob Löndahl

    (Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden)

  • Sara Thuresson

    (Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden)

  • Malin Alsved

    (Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden)

  • Afnan Al-Hunaiti

    (Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Kalle Saksela

    (Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Hazem Aqel

    (Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia)

  • Heikki Junninen

    (Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, 51005 Tartu, Estonia)

  • Alexander Mahura

    (Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Markku Kulmala

    (Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
    Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
    Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia)

Abstract

Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission is not yet fully understood. Here, we used an indoor aerosol model combined with a regional inhaled deposited dose model to examine the indoor transport of aerosols from an infected person with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to a susceptible person and assess the potential inhaled dose rate of particles. Two scenarios with different ventilation rates were compared, as well as adult female versus male recipients. Assuming a source strength of 10 viruses/s, in a tightly closed room with poor ventilation (0.5 h −1 ), the respiratory tract deposited dose rate was 140–350 and 100–260 inhaled viruses/hour for males and females; respectively. With ventilation at 3 h −1 the dose rate was only 30–90 viruses/hour. Correcting for the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 in air, these numbers are reduced by a factor of 1.2–2.2 for poorly ventilated rooms and 1.1–1.4 for well-ventilated rooms. Combined with future determinations of virus emission rates, the size distribution of aerosols containing the virus, and the infectious dose, these results could play an important role in understanding the full picture of potential inhalation transmission in indoor environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Tareq Hussein & Jakob Löndahl & Sara Thuresson & Malin Alsved & Afnan Al-Hunaiti & Kalle Saksela & Hazem Aqel & Heikki Junninen & Alexander Mahura & Markku Kulmala, 2021. "Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:6:p:2927-:d:516144
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    Cited by:

    1. Laurentiu Predescu & Daniel Dunea, 2021. "Performance Evaluation of Particulate Matter and Indoor Microclimate Monitors in University Classrooms under COVID-19 Restrictions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Marta Baselga & Juan J. Alba & Alberto J. Schuhmacher, 2022. "The Control of Metabolic CO 2 in Public Transport as a Strategy to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. Lukas Siebler & Maurizio Calandri & Torben Rathje & Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos, 2022. "Experimental Methods of Investigating Airborne Indoor Virus-Transmissions Adapted to Several Ventilation Measures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Chen Lu & Xiaodi Yi & Xiaocui Ren, 2022. "Social Group Differences in the Exposure Risk of COVID-19: A Case Study in Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Maria Hurnik & Piotr Ciuman & Zbigniew Popiolek, 2024. "Eddy–Viscosity Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes Modeling of Air Distribution in a Sidewall Jet Supplied into a Room," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, March.

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