IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v18y2021i5p2575-d510581.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry

Author

Listed:
  • Nor Ashikin Sopian

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Juliana Jalaludin

    (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Suhaili Abu Bakar

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Titi Rahmawati Hamedon

    (Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Talib Latif

    (Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM 2.5 ) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM 2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m −3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m −3 . The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10 −6 and 2.95 × 10 −7 , respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.

Suggested Citation

  • Nor Ashikin Sopian & Juliana Jalaludin & Suhaili Abu Bakar & Titi Rahmawati Hamedon & Mohd Talib Latif, 2021. "Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-20, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2575-:d:510581
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2575/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/5/2575/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chin-Sheng Tang & Shih-Chun Candice Lung & Ta-Yuan Chang & Han-Hsiang Tu & Li-Te Chang, 2019. "Investigation of Microenvironmental Exposures to Particle-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for Elementary School Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Rodríguez T. Gamboa & Aldeco R. Gamboa & Alvarez H. Bravo & Wegman P. Ostrosky, 2008. "Genotoxicity in child populations exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air from Tabasco, Mexico," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 5(5), pages 1-7, December.
    3. Yunwei Liu & Ning Qin & Weigang Liang & Xing Chen & Rong Hou & Yijin Kang & Qian Guo & Suzhen Cao & Xiaoli Duan, 2020. "Polycycl. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exposure of Children in Typical Household Coal Combustion Environments: Seasonal Variations, Sources, and Carcinogenic Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-14, September.
    4. Batdelger Byambaa & Lu Yang & Atsushi Matsuki & Edward G. Nagato & Khongor Gankhuyag & Byambatseren Chuluunpurev & Lkhagvajargal Banzragch & Sonomdagva Chonokhuu & Ning Tang & Kazuichi Hayakawa, 2019. "Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nur Faseeha Suhaimi & Juliana Jalaludin & Suhaili Abu Bakar, 2021. "The Influence of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) in Primary Schools and Residential Proximity to Traffic Sources on Histone H3 Level in Selected Malaysian Children," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(15), pages 1-19, July.
    2. Nur Hazirah Hisamuddin & Juliana Jalaludin & Suhaili Abu Bakar & Mohd Talib Latif, 2022. "The Influence of Environmental Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Exposure on DNA Damage among School Children in Urban Traffic Area, Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Minghui Cheng & Zhen Tan & Xiwen Zeng & Zhu Liu & Pingyu Liu & Anwar Ali & Huali Qiu & Wenjun Jiang & Hong Qin, 2023. "Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seasoning Flour Products in Hunan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-15, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yong-Hong Chen & En-Qin Xia & Xiang-Rong Xu & Sha Li & Wen-Hua Ling & Shan Wu & Gui-Fang Deng & Zhi-Fei Zou & Jing Zhou & Hua-Bin Li, 2012. "Evaluation of Benzo[a]pyrene in Food from China by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Lu Yang & Quanyu Zhou & Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Wanli Xing & Yan Wang & Pengchu Bai & Masahito Yamauchi & Tetsuji Chohji & Lulu Zhang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Akira Toriba & Ning Tang, 2021. "Atmospheric Behaviour of Polycyclic and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions in Winter in Kirishima, a Typical Japanese Commercial City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-14, January.
    3. Minkyung Kang & Kiae Kim & Narae Choi & Yong Pyo Kim & Ji Yi Lee, 2020. "Recent Occurrence of PAHs and n-Alkanes in PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea and Characteristics of Their Sources and Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-17, February.
    4. Ivana Jakovljević & Zdravka Sever Štrukil & Ranka Godec & Ivan Bešlić & Silvije Davila & Mario Lovrić & Gordana Pehnec, 2020. "Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM 1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-21, December.
    5. Tun Z. Maung & Jack E. Bishop & Eleanor Holt & Alice M. Turner & Christian Pfrang, 2022. "Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Ex," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-24, July.
    6. Takashi Kubo & Wenzhi Bai & Masaki Nagae & Yuji Takao, 2020. "Seasonal Fluctuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aerosol Genotoxicity in Long-Range Transported Air Mass Observed at the Western End of Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-15, February.
    7. Rodrigo Mundo & Tetsuya Matsunaka & Hisanori Iwai & Shouzo Ogiso & Nobuo Suzuki & Ning Tang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Seiya Nagao, 2020. "Interannual Survey on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Seawater of North Nanao Bay, Ishikawa, Japan, from 2015 to 2018: Sources, Pathways and Ecological Risk Assessment," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-15, February.
    8. Lu Yang & Lulu Zhang & Hao Zhang & Quanyu Zhou & Xuan Zhang & Wanli Xing & Akinori Takami & Kei Sato & Atsushi Shimizu & Ayako Yoshino & Naoki Kaneyasu & Atsushi Matsuki & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Akira To, 2020. "Comparative Analysis of PM 2.5 -Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), and Water-Soluble Inorganic Ions (WSIIs) at Two Background Sites in Japan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-16, November.
    9. Yan Wang & Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Pengchu Bai & Andrey Neroda & Vassily F. Mishukov & Lulu Zhang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Seiya Nagao & Ning Tang, 2022. "PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air of Vladivostok: Seasonal Variation, Sources, Health Risk Assessment and Long-Term Variability," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(5), pages 1-13, March.
    10. Kaywood Elijah Leizou & Gift Cornelius Timighe & Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, 2022. "Pah Exposition And Carcinogenicity Risk Evaluation In Soils From Niger Delta, Nigeria," Environmental Contaminants Reviews (ECR), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 5(1), pages 35-39, March.
    11. Yong-Hong Chen & En-Qin Xia & Xiang-Rong Xu & Wen-Hua Ling & Sha Li & Shan Wu & Gui-Fang Deng & Zhi-Fei Zou & Jing Zhou & Hua-Bin Li, 2012. "Evaluation of Acrylamide in Food from China by a LC/MS/MS Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-9, November.
    12. Lu Yang & Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Wanli Xing & Yan Wang & Pengchu Bai & Lulu Zhang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Akira Toriba & Ning Tang, 2021. "Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, February.
    13. Ning Qin & Ayibota Tuerxunbieke & Qin Wang & Xing Chen & Rong Hou & Xiangyu Xu & Yunwei Liu & Dongqun Xu & Shu Tao & Xiaoli Duan, 2021. "Key Factors for Improving the Carcinogenic Risk Assessment of PAH Inhalation Exposure by Monte Carlo Simulation," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-14, October.
    14. Kaywood Elijah Leizou & Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, 2022. "Profile Composition And Risk Evaluation Of Pahs In Borehole Water From Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria," Environmental Contaminants Reviews (ECR), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 5(1), pages 23-30, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2575-:d:510581. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.