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Recent Occurrence of PAHs and n-Alkanes in PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea and Characteristics of Their Sources and Toxicity

Author

Listed:
  • Minkyung Kang

    (Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Kiae Kim

    (Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Narae Choi

    (Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Yong Pyo Kim

    (Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

  • Ji Yi Lee

    (Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea)

Abstract

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) were quantified at Seoul, Korea in 2018. The seasonal differences in the total concentration of PAHs and n-Alkanes were clear, where winter showed a higher concentration than that of summer. Compared to the PAHs measurements in 2002 at Seoul, the sum of PAHs concentrations in 2018 were reduced from 26.6 to 5.6 ng m −3 . Major sources of the observed PAHs and n-alkanes were deduced from various indicators such as diagnostic ratios for PAHs and Cmax, CPI, and WNA (%) indices for n-alkanes. It was found that in winter coal and biomass combustions, and vehicular exhaust were major sources, while, in summer vehicular exhaust was major source. In addition, in winter, major emission sources were located outside of Seoul. The health effect from the recent level of PAHs was estimated and compared to the previous studies observed in Seoul, and it was found that, recently, the toxicity of PAHs in PM 2.5 was significantly decreased, except for in the winter.

Suggested Citation

  • Minkyung Kang & Kiae Kim & Narae Choi & Yong Pyo Kim & Ji Yi Lee, 2020. "Recent Occurrence of PAHs and n-Alkanes in PM2.5 in Seoul, Korea and Characteristics of Their Sources and Toxicity," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-17, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:4:p:1397-:d:323582
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    1. Batdelger Byambaa & Lu Yang & Atsushi Matsuki & Edward G. Nagato & Khongor Gankhuyag & Byambatseren Chuluunpurev & Lkhagvajargal Banzragch & Sonomdagva Chonokhuu & Ning Tang & Kazuichi Hayakawa, 2019. "Sources and Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Total Suspended Particles in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-16, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lu Yang & Hao Zhang & Xuan Zhang & Wanli Xing & Yan Wang & Pengchu Bai & Lulu Zhang & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Akira Toriba & Ning Tang, 2021. "Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Health Effects: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-25, February.

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