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Validation of the Generative Acts Scale-Chinese Version (GAS-C) among Middle-Aged and Older Adults as Grandparents in Mainland China

Author

Listed:
  • Haoyi Guo

    (Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China)

  • Steven Sek-yum Ngai

    (Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

The current study examined the psychometric properties of the 20-item Generative Acts Scale-Chinese version (GAS-C) among middle-aged and older adults as grandparents in mainland China. A total of 1013 grandparents (mean age = 58.32 years; 71.9% female) of children from 12 kindergartens were recruited using multistage cluster random sampling. A four-factor pattern of domestic, agentic, communal, and civic generative acts were identified by exploratory factor analysis and further verified by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Subsequently, multigroup CFA was performed to test the measurement invariance across gender, age group and hukou status at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the total (0.923) and subscales (range from 0.897 to 0.953) was satisfactory, indicating high internal consistency. Additionally, the significant gender differences in the domestic (male = 3.565, female = 3.718, p < 0.05), communal (male = 2.786, female = 2.591, p < 0.01), and civic subscales (male = 2.112, female = 1.864, p < 0.001) and the significant correlations between the GAS-C total scale and subscales with caregiving intensity ( r = 0.433, p < 0.01), positive affect ( r = 0.397, p < 0.01) and life satisfaction ( r = 0.328, p < 0.01), supported concurrent validity. Overall, this study addressed the knowledge gap by validating a reliable and valid instrument to measure grandparents’ generative acts in mainland China, contributing to generativity studies cross-culturally in research and practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Haoyi Guo & Steven Sek-yum Ngai, 2021. "Validation of the Generative Acts Scale-Chinese Version (GAS-C) among Middle-Aged and Older Adults as Grandparents in Mainland China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:19:p:9950-:d:640310
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Chenyue & Zhou, Xudong & Wang, Feng & Jiang, Minmin & Hesketh, Therese, 2017. "Care for left-behind children in rural China: A realist evaluation of a community-based intervention," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 239-245.
    2. Giorgio Di Gessa & Karen Glaser & Debora Price & Eloi Ribe & Anthea Tinker, 2016. "What Drives National Differences in Intensive Grandparental Childcare in Europe?," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(1), pages 141-153.
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    4. Sheung-Tak Cheng, 2009. "Generativity in Later Life: Perceived Respect From Younger Generations as a Determinant of Goal Disengagement and Psychological Well-being," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(1), pages 45-54.
    5. Pei-Chun Ko & Karsten Hank, 2014. "Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China and Korea: Findings From CHARLS and KLoSA," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 69(4), pages 646-651.
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    1. Haoyi Guo & Steven Sek-yum Ngai, 2021. "Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.

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