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Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status

Author

Listed:
  • Haoyi Guo

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

  • Steven Sek-yum Ngai

    (Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China)

Abstract

Urban China is witnessing a growth of migrant grandparents apart from the prevalent local grandparent caregiving. However, the health consequences and influencing factors of grandparent caregiving remain largely unknown among migrant and local grandparent caregivers. This study examined informal and formal social support’s mediation roles between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction, as well as investigating Hukou’s (household registration system) moderation effect. Our sample compromised 1013 grandparent caregivers (Migrant = 508, Local = 505) from 12 kindergartens with a multistage clustered random sampling from Eastern China. Migrant grandparent caregivers had significant lower informal social support (M = 4.000, L = 4.355, p < 0.001), formal social support (M = 1.787, L = 2.111, p < 0.001), and life satisfaction (M = 3.323, L = 3.574, p < 0.001) than local ones. Structural equation modeling results indicated that domestic generative acts positively associated with life satisfaction ( b = 0.085, p < 0.05), informal ( b = 0.223, p < 0.001) and formal social support ( b = 0.080, p < 0.05); informal ( b = 0.379, p < 0.001) and formal social support ( b = 0.138, p < 0.001) positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, both informal (β = 0.084, CI [0.039, 0.101], p < 0.001) and formal social support (β = 0.011, CI [0.001, 0.018], p < 0.05) mediated the relationship between domestic generative acts and life satisfaction. Furthermore, Hukou status moderated the indirect path from domestic generative acts to life satisfaction via informal social support ( p < 0.01), but not formal social support ( p > 0.05). Migrant grandparent caregivers, with limited formal social support resources, were found to be more dependent on informal social support than locals. The findings revealed social support and wellbeing disparities among migrant and local grandparent caregivers in urban China. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Haoyi Guo & Steven Sek-yum Ngai, 2021. "Domestic Generative Acts and Life Satisfaction among Supplementary Grandparent Caregivers in Urban China: Mediated by Social Support and Moderated by Hukou Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11788-:d:676058
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bert Hayslip & Heidemarie Blumenthal & Ashley Garner, 2015. "Social Support and Grandparent Caregiver Health: One-Year Longitudinal Findings for Grandparents Raising Their Grandchildren," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 70(5), pages 804-812.
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    3. Sheung-Tak Cheng, 2009. "Generativity in Later Life: Perceived Respect From Younger Generations as a Determinant of Goal Disengagement and Psychological Well-being," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 64(1), pages 45-54.
    4. Giorgio Di Gessa & Karen Glaser & Anthea Tinker, 2016. "The Health Impact of Intensive and Nonintensive Grandchild Care in Europe: New Evidence From SHARE," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(5), pages 867-879.
    5. Shan Lu & Yupan Wu & Zongfu Mao & Xiaohui Liang, 2020. "Association of Formal and Informal Social Support With Health-Related Quality of Life Among Chinese Rural Elders," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Haoyi Guo & Steven Sek-yum Ngai, 2021. "Validation of the Generative Acts Scale-Chinese Version (GAS-C) among Middle-Aged and Older Adults as Grandparents in Mainland China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-14, September.
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