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Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant

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  • Md Ekhlasur Rahman

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
    Divisional Laboratory, Soil Resource Development Institute, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh)

  • Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Md Kamal Uddin

    (Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Khairil Mahmud

    (Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor

    (Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah

    (Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • S M Shamsuzzaman

    (Divisional Laboratory, Soil Resource Development Institute, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs’ application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.

Suggested Citation

  • Md Ekhlasur Rahman & Mohd Izuan Effendi Bin Halmi & Mohd Yusoff Bin Abd Samad & Md Kamal Uddin & Khairil Mahmud & Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor & Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah & S M Shamsuzzaman, 2020. "Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-40, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:22:p:8339-:d:443330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mark A. Shannon & Paul W. Bohn & Menachem Elimelech & John G. Georgiadis & Benito J. Mariñas & Anne M. Mayes, 2008. "Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades," Nature, Nature, vol. 452(7185), pages 301-310, March.
    2. Luis Sandoval & José Luis Marín-Muñiz & Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro & Fabiola Sandoval-Salas & Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman, 2019. "Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment by Microcosms of Vertical Subsurface Wetlands in Partially Saturated Conditions Planted with Ornamental Plants and Filled with Mineral and Plastic Substrates," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Antonio Macías-García & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo & Juan Pablo Carrasco-Amador & Raúl Segura-Cruz, 2019. "Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, May.
    4. Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo & Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman & José Luis Marín-Muñiz & Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras & Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro, 2018. "Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luna Al Hadidi & Amer Sweity, 2022. "Evaluation the Efficiency of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSF) for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Semi-arid Environment," Journal of Agricultural Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 10(4), pages 65-87, December.
    2. Lorena Peñacoba-Antona & Montserrat Gómez-Delgado & Abraham Esteve-Núñez, 2021. "Multi-Criteria Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis for the Optimal Location of Constructed Wetlands (METland) at Oceanic and Mediterranean Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Marwa M. Waly & Slobodan B. Mickovski & Craig Thomson, 2023. "Application of Circular Economy in Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.

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