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Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

Author

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  • Maria Cristina Collivignarelli

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
    Interdepartmental Centre for Water Research, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Marco Carnevale Miino

    (Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy)

  • Franco Hernan Gomez

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

  • Vincenzo Torretta

    (Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Elena Cristina Rada

    (Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy)

  • Sabrina Sorlini

    (Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123 Brescia, Italy)

Abstract

In the coming years, water stress is destined to worsen considering that the consumption of water is expected to increase significantly, and climate change is expected to become more evident. Greywater (GW) has been studied as an alternative water source in arid and semiarid zones. Although there is no single optimal solution in order to treat GW, constructed wetlands proved to be effective. In this paper, the results of the treatment of a real GW by a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) for more than four months are shown. In the preliminary laboratory-scale plant, Phragmites australis , Carex oshimensis and Cyperus papyrus were tested separately and showed very similar results. In the second phase, pilot-scale tests were conducted to confirm the performance at a larger scale and evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time, obtaining very high removal yields on turbidity (>92%), total suspended solids (TSS) (>85%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (>89%), and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) (>88%). Based on the results of the pilot-scale HFCW, a comparison with international recommendations by World Health Organization and European Union is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Cristina Collivignarelli & Marco Carnevale Miino & Franco Hernan Gomez & Vincenzo Torretta & Elena Cristina Rada & Sabrina Sorlini, 2020. "Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:7:p:2317-:d:338738
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Antonio Macías-García & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo & Juan Pablo Carrasco-Amador & Raúl Segura-Cruz, 2019. "Adsorption of Paracetamol in Hospital Wastewater Through Activated Carbon Filters," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-11, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria Cristina Collivignarelli & Alessandro Abbà & Marco Carnevale Miino & Francesca Maria Caccamo & Vincenzo Torretta & Elena Cristina Rada & Sabrina Sorlini, 2020. "Disinfection of Wastewater by UV-Based Treatment for Reuse in a Circular Economy Perspective. Where Are We at?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-24, December.

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