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Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications

Author

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  • Erick Arturo Betanzo-Torres

    (Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla 93821, Mexico)

  • María de los Ángeles Piñar-Álvarez

    (Scientific Research Department, El Colegio de Veracruz, Xalapa 91000, Mexico)

  • Celia Gabriela Sierra-Carmona

    (Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa, Xalapa 91096, Mexico)

  • Luis Enrique García Santamaria

    (Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla 93821, Mexico)

  • Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía

    (Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla 93821, Mexico)

  • José Luis Marín-Muñiz

    (Scientific Research Department, El Colegio de Veracruz, Xalapa 91000, Mexico)

  • Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo

    (Division of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Misantla 93821, Mexico)

Abstract

Conventional aquaculture (ACUA-C) in Mexico is an activity that maintains an annual growth rate of 6%. Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) aquaculture is the predominant aquaculture in the country with 4623 farms, most of which operate with semi-intensive (SIS) and extensive (ES) production systems, discharging untreated wastewater that negatively impacts the environment. To address this problem, new ecotechnologies such as biofloc (BFT), recirculation systems for aquaculture (RAS), constructed wetlands (CWs) for water treatment, and aquaponics (AS) have emerged to mitigate the environmental impacts of untreated wastewater. The objective of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of tilapia farming with BFT, RAS, CW, and AS ecotechnologies through an economic and financial feasibility analysis, considering their environmental and social implications in a Mexican aquaculture farm located in the state of Veracruz. Open interviews, direct observation, and diagnosis of the semi-intensive tilapia system was carried out between 15 May 2019 and 15 February 2020 in order to calculate, design, and theoretically evaluate the four ecotechnological alternatives (TBF, RAS, CW, and AS). Economic (13), environmental (10), and social (5) variables were applied, making use of the same facilities. The results reveal that the four ecotechnologies implemented in an SIS are economically viable and environmentally acceptable, especially in water management, in addition to being socially feasible. It is concluded that BFT offers an alternative to the producer by having a lower additional cost to improve problems, despite the possible complexity of operation and energy requirements to manage wastewater treatment. The technological transition to BFT is recommended to solve the problem of sustainable water management.

Suggested Citation

  • Erick Arturo Betanzo-Torres & María de los Ángeles Piñar-Álvarez & Celia Gabriela Sierra-Carmona & Luis Enrique García Santamaria & Cecilia-Irene Loeza-Mejía & José Luis Marín-Muñiz & Luis Carlos Sand, 2021. "Proposal of Ecotechnologies for Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) Production in Mexico: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:12:p:6853-:d:576777
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Avellán, Tamara & Gremillion, Paul, 2019. "Constructed wetlands for resource recovery in developing countries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 42-57.
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    3. Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo & Alejandro Alvarado-Lassman & José Luis Marín-Muñiz & Juan Manuel Méndez-Contreras & Sergio Aurelio Zamora-Castro, 2018. "Effects of the Use of Ornamental Plants and Different Substrates in the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants through Microcosms of Constructed Wetlands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-19, May.
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