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Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador

Author

Listed:
  • Pablo Ruisoto

    (Department of Health Sciences, University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain)

  • Marina Ramírez

    (Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador)

  • Belén Paladines-Costa

    (Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador)

  • Silvia Vaca

    (Department of Psychology, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 110107, Ecuador)

  • Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

    (Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
    Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia)

Abstract

Informal caregivers are the main providers of care for the elderly. The aim of this study is to examine the predictive value of different variables regarding caregivers and their elderly patients with respect to the caregiver’s burden. A convenience sample of 688 informal caregivers and 688 elderly people from Ecuador was surveyed. Only households with one caregiver and one elderly person were considered for the study. For informal caregivers, the following standardized measures were obtained: burden (Zarit Burden Interview), neuroticism (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated, EPQR-A), caregiver’s general health (GHQ-12), and social support (modified Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire, FSSQ11). For the elderly, we employed standardized measures of cognitive function (short portable mental status questionnaire, SPMSQ), Pfeiffer’s test, and functional dependency (Barthel scale/Index, BI). Females were over-represented in caregiving and reported significantly higher burden levels than those of males. In both male and female caregivers, the burden was best predicted by the time of caring, neuroticism, and elderly cognitive impairment. However, some predictors of burden were weighted differently in males and females. The functional independence of the elderly was a significant predictor of burden for male caregivers but not females, while caregiver competence was a significant predictor for females but not males. These variables accounted for more than 88% of the variability in informal caregivers.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Ruisoto & Marina Ramírez & Belén Paladines-Costa & Silvia Vaca & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2020. "Predicting Caregiver Burden in Informal Caregivers for the Elderly in Ecuador," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-10, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7338-:d:424843
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Manuel Jiménez & Manuel Fernández-Navas & José Ramón Alvero-Cruz & Jerónimo García-Romero & Virginia García-Coll & Iván Rivilla & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez, 2019. "Differences in Psychoneuroendocrine Stress Responses of High-Level Swimmers Depending on Autocratic and Democratic Coaching Style," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-8, December.
    2. Sophie Gottschalk & Hans-Helmut König & Christian Brettschneider, 2020. "The association between informal caregiving and behavioral risk factors: a cross-sectional study," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 65(6), pages 911-921, July.
    3. Margarita Pérez-Cruz & Laura Parra-Anguita & Catalina López-Martínez & Sara Moreno-Cámara & Rafael del-Pino-Casado, 2019. "Burden and Anxiety in Family Caregivers in the Hospital That Debut in Caregiving," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    4. Yanchun Cao & Fan Yang, 2020. "Objective and Subjective Dementia Caregiving Burden: The Moderating Role of Immanent Justice Reasoning and Social Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Laura Muñoz-Bermejo & José Carmelo Adsuar & Salvador Postigo-Mota & Inés Casado-Verdejo & Claudia Mara de Melo-Tavares & Miguel Ángel Garcia-Gordillo & Jorge Pérez-Gómez & Jorge Carlos-Vivas, 2020. "Relationship of Perceived Social Support with Mental Health in Older Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-13, May.
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    1. Kamila Hynek & Aslaug Gotehus & Fredrik Methi & Ragnhild Bang Nes & Vegard Skirbekk & Thomas Hansen, 2023. "Caregiving + Migrant Background = Double Jeopardy? Associations between Caregiving and Physical and Psychological Health According to Migrant Backgrounds in Norway," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Sara Santos & Jose A. Parraca & Orlando Fernandes & Santos Villafaina & Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez & Filipe Melo, 2022. "The Effect of Expertise during Simulated Flight Emergencies on the Autonomic Response and Operative Performance in Military Pilots," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-10, July.
    3. Patrick Janson & Kristina Willeke & Lisa Zaibert & Andrea Budnick & Anne Berghöfer & Sarah Kittel-Schneider & Peter U. Heuschmann & Andreas Zapf & Manfred Wildner & Carolin Stupp & Thomas Keil, 2022. "Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Related Outcomes in Informal Caregivers Compared to Non-Caregivers: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-25, May.
    4. Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez & Keyla Vargas-Román & Juan Carlos Sanchez-Garcia & Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque & Guillermo Arturo Cañadas-De la Fuente & Emilia I. De La Fuente-Solana, 2021. "Effects of Meditation on Mental Health and Cardiovascular Balance in Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-11, January.

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