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Risk and Protective Factors for PTSD in Caregivers of Adult Patients with Severe Medical Illnesses: A Systematic Review

Author

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  • Claudia Carmassi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Claudia Foghi

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Valerio Dell’Oste

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
    Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy)

  • Carlo Antonio Bertelloni

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

  • Andrea Fiorillo

    (Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy)

  • Liliana Dell’Osso

    (Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy)

Abstract

Caregivers of severely ill individuals often struggle to adjust to new responsibilities and roles while experiencing negative psychological outcomes that include depression, anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aims to outline potential risk and protective factors for the development of PTSD in caregivers of adult subjects affected by severe somatic, potentially life-threatening illnesses. Twenty-nine studies on caregivers of adult patients affected by severe, acute, or chronic somatic diseases have been included. Eligibility criteria included: full-text publications reporting primary, empirical data; PTSD in caregivers of adult subjects affected by severe physical illnesses; risk and/or protective factors related to PTSD; and English language. Specific sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, besides the illness-related distress, familiar relationships, exposure characteristics, coping style, and support, were identified as relevant risk/protective factors for PTSD. The review limitations are the small number of studies; studies on different types of diseases; studies with same samples. It is crucial to consider factors affecting caregivers of severely ill adult patients in order to plan effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of an adverse mental health outcome and at enhancing the psychological endurance of this population.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Carmassi & Claudia Foghi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Andrea Fiorillo & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2020. "Risk and Protective Factors for PTSD in Caregivers of Adult Patients with Severe Medical Illnesses: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5888-:d:398694
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Lara Lopez & Fernando L. Vázquez & Ángela J. Torres & Patricia Otero & Vanessa Blanco & Olga Díaz & Mario Páramo, 2020. "Long-Term Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Conference Call Intervention on Depression in Non-Professional Caregivers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-24, November.
    2. Claudia Carmassi & Valerio Dell’Oste & Claudia Foghi & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Eugenia Conti & Sara Calderoni & Roberta Battini & Liliana Dell’Osso, 2020. "Post-Traumatic Stress Reactions in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents/Young Adults with Severe Diseases: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Rodolfo Buselli & Martina Corsi & Sigrid Baldanzi & Martina Chiumiento & Elena Del Lupo & Valerio Dell'Oste & Carlo Antonio Bertelloni & Gabriele Massimetti & Liliana Dell’Osso & Alfonso Cristaudo & C, 2020. "Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, August.

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