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Body Water Content and Morphological Characteristics Modify Bioimpedance Vector Patterns in Volleyball, Soccer, and Rugby Players

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Listed:
  • Francesco Campa

    (Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy)

  • Analiza M. Silva

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal)

  • Catarina N. Matias

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal)

  • Cristina P. Monteiro

    (Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal)

  • Antonio Paoli

    (Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy)

  • João Pedro Nunes

    (Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sports Center, Londrina State University, 86057 Londrina, Brazil)

  • Jacopo Talluri

    (Department of clinical research and development, Akern Ltd., 56121 Pisa, Italy)

  • Henry Lukaski

    (Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, Hyslop Sports Center, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA)

  • Stefania Toselli

    (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy)

Abstract

Background: Bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a widely used method based on the interpretation of raw bioimpedance parameters to evaluate body composition and cellular health in athletes. However, several variables contribute to influencing BIVA patterns by militating against an optimal interpretation of the data. This study aims to explore the association of morphological characteristics with bioelectrical properties in volleyball, soccer, and rugby players. Methods: 164 athletes belonging to professional teams (age 26.2 ± 4.4 yrs; body mass index (BMI) 25.4 ± 2.4 kg/m 2 ) underwent bioimpedance and anthropometric measurements. Bioelectric resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were standardized for the athlete’s height and used to plot the vector in the R-Xc graph according to the BIVA approach. Total body water (TBW), phase angle (PhA), and somatotype were determined from bioelectrical and anthropometric data. Results: No significant difference ( p > 0.05) for age and for age at the start of competition among the athletes was found. Athletes divided into groups of TBW limited by quartiles showed significant differences in the mean vector position in the R-Xc graph ( p < 0.001), where a higher content of body fluids resulted in a shorter vector and lower positioning in the graph. Furthermore, six categories of somatotypes were identified, and the results of bivariate and partial correlation analysis highlighted a direct association between PhA and mesomorphy ( r = 0.401, p < 0.001) while showing an inverse correlation with ectomorphy (r = −0.416, p < 0.001), even adjusted for age. On the contrary, no association was observed between PhA and endomorphy ( r = 0.100, p = 0.471). Conclusions: Body fluid content affects the vector length in the R-Xc graph. In addition, the lateral displacement of the vector, which determines the PhA, can be modified by the morphological characteristics of the athlete. In particular, higher PhA values are observed in subjects with a high mesomorphic component, whereas lower values are found when ectomorphy is dominant.

Suggested Citation

  • Francesco Campa & Analiza M. Silva & Catarina N. Matias & Cristina P. Monteiro & Antonio Paoli & João Pedro Nunes & Jacopo Talluri & Henry Lukaski & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "Body Water Content and Morphological Characteristics Modify Bioimpedance Vector Patterns in Volleyball, Soccer, and Rugby Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6604-:d:411875
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stefania Toselli & Elisabetta Marini & Pasqualino Maietta Latessa & Luca Benedetti & Francesco Campa, 2020. "Maturity Related Differences in Body Composition Assessed by Classic and Specific Bioimpedance Vector Analysis among Male Elite Youth Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-10, January.
    2. Francesco Campa & Analiza M. Silva & Jacopo Talluri & Catarina N. Matias & Georgian Badicu & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "Somatotype and Bioimpedance Vector Analysis: A New Target Zone for Male Athletes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Francesco Campa & Alessandro Piras & Milena Raffi & Aurelio Trofè & Monica Perazzolo & Gabriele Mascherini & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "The Effects of Dehydration on Metabolic and Neuromuscular Functionality during Cycling," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-10, February.
    4. Joana F. Reis & Catarina N. Matias & Francesco Campa & José P. Morgado & Paulo Franco & Pedro Quaresma & Nuno Almeida & Dalia Curto & Stefania Toselli & Cristina P. Monteiro, 2020. "Bioimpedance Vector Patterns Changes in Response to Swimming Training: An Ecological Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-10, July.
    5. Ruben Francisco & Catarina N. Matias & Diana A. Santos & Francesco Campa & Claudia S. Minderico & Paulo Rocha & Steven B. Heymsfield & Henry Lukaski & Luís B. Sardinha & Analiza M. Silva, 2020. "The Predictive Role of Raw Bioelectrical Impedance Parameters in Water Compartments and Fluid Distribution Assessed by Dilution Techniques in Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-14, January.
    6. Cristóbal Sánchez Muñoz & José J. Muros & Óscar López Belmonte & Mikel Zabala, 2020. "Anthropometric Characteristics, Body Composition and Somatotype of Elite Male Young Runners," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-10, January.
    7. Francesco Campa & Analiza Monica Silva & Vincenzo Iannuzzi & Gabriele Mascherini & Luca Benedetti & Stefania Toselli, 2019. "The Role of Somatic Maturation on Bioimpedance Patterns and Body Composition in Male Elite Youth Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-11, November.
    8. Francesco Campa & Catarina Matias & Hannes Gatterer & Stefania Toselli & Josely C. Koury & Angela Andreoli & Giovanni Melchiorri & Luis B. Sardinha & Analiza M. Silva, 2019. "Classic Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Reference Values for Assessing Body Composition in Male and Female Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Aline Ferreira de Araújo Jerônimo & Nuno Batalha & Daniel Collado-Mateo & Jose Alberto Parraca, 2020. "Phase Angle from Bioelectric Impedance and Maturity-Related Factors in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, June.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Francesco Campa & Catarina N. Matias & Pantelis T. Nikolaidis & Henry Lukaski & Jacopo Talluri & Stefania Toselli, 2020. "Prediction of Somatotype from Bioimpedance Analysis in Elite Youth Soccer Players," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-10, November.
    5. Catarina N. Matias & Stefania Toselli & Cristina P. Monteiro & Francesco Campa, 2022. "Editorial: New Training Strategies and Evaluation Methods for Improving Health and Physical Performance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-4, May.
    6. Ivo B. Regli & Rachel Turner & Simon Woyke & Simon Rauch & Hermann Brugger & Hannes Gatterer, 2021. "Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis: A Valuable Tool to Monitor Daily Body Hydration Dynamics at Altitude," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-10, May.
    7. Anna Pieczyńska & Ewa Zasadzka & Tomasz Trzmiel & Małgorzata Pyda & Mariola Pawlaczyk, 2021. "The Effect of a Mixed Circuit of Aerobic and Resistance Training on Body Composition in Older Adults—Retrospective Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, May.

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