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Soil Lead and Children’s Blood Lead Disparities in Pre- and Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans (USA)

Author

Listed:
  • Howard W. Mielke

    (Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

  • Christopher R. Gonzales

    (Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA)

  • Eric T. Powell

    (Lead Lab, Inc., New Orleans, LA 70119, USA)

Abstract

This study appraises New Orleans soil lead and children’s lead exposure before and ten years after Hurricane Katrina flooded the city. Introduction : Early childhood exposure to lead is associated with lifelong and multiple health, learning, and behavioral disorders. Lead exposure is an important factor hindering the long-term resilience and sustainability of communities. Lead exposure disproportionately affects low socioeconomic status of communities. No safe lead exposure is known and the common intervention is not effective. An essential responsibility of health practitioners is to develop an effective primary intervention. Methods : Pre- and post-Hurricane soil lead and children’s blood lead data were matched by census tract communities. Soil lead and blood lead data were described, mapped, blood lead graphed as a function of soil lead, and Multi-Response Permutation Procedures statistics established disparities. Results : Simultaneous decreases occurred in soil lead accompanied by an especially large decline in children’s blood lead 10 years after Hurricane Katrina. Exposure disparities still exist between children living in the interior and outer areas of the city. Conclusions : At the scale of a city, this study demonstrates that decreasing soil lead effectively reduces children’s blood lead. Primary prevention of lead exposure can be accomplished by reducing soil lead in the urban environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Howard W. Mielke & Christopher R. Gonzales & Eric T. Powell, 2017. "Soil Lead and Children’s Blood Lead Disparities in Pre- and Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans (USA)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:14:y:2017:i:4:p:407-:d:95648
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul D. Juarez & Patricia Matthews-Juarez & Darryl B. Hood & Wansoo Im & Robert S. Levine & Barbara J. Kilbourne & Michael A. Langston & Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan & William L. Crosson & Maurice G. Estes &, 2014. "The Public Health Exposome: A Population-Based, Exposure Science Approach to Health Disparities Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-30, December.
    2. David C. Bellinger, 2011. "The Protean Toxicities of Lead: New Chapters in a Familiar Story," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-36, June.
    3. Howard W. Mielke & Christopher Gonzales & Eric Powell & Paul W. Mielke, 2014. "Evolving from Reactive to Proactive Medicine: Community Lead (Pb) and Clinical Disparities in Pre- and Post-Katrina New Orleans," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-10, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. David A. Geier & Janet K. Kern & Mark R. Geier, 2017. "Blood Lead Levels and Learning Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study of the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-10, October.

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