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Job Stress Across Gender: The Importance of Emotional and Intellectual Demands and Social Support in Women

Author

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  • Pilar Rivera-Torres

    (University of Zaragoza, C/ Gran Vía, 2, Zaragoza 50005, Spain)

  • Rafael Angel Araque-Padilla

    (ETEA-University of Córdoba, C/Escritor Castilla Aguayo, 4, Córdoba 14004, Spain)

  • María José Montero-Simó

    (ETEA-University of Córdoba, C/Escritor Castilla Aguayo, 4, Córdoba 14004, Spain)

Abstract

This study aims to analyse whether any differences exist between the genders with respect to the effect of perceived Job Demands, Control and Support (JDCS model) on how individuals reach high levels of job stress. To do this, the perceived risk of suffering an illness or having an accident in the workplace is used as an outcome measure. The study is based on the First Survey on Working Conditions in Andalusia, which has a sample of 5,496 men and 2,779 women. We carry out a multi-sample analysis with structural equation models, controlling for age and sector. The results show that the generation of job stress has a different pattern in men and women. In the case of men, the results show that only one dimension of the job demands stressor is significant (quantitative demands), whose effect on job stress is weakened slightly by the direct effects of control and support. With women, in contrast, emotional and intellectual aspects (qualitative demands) are also statistically significant. Moreover, social support has a greater weakening effect on the levels of job stress in women than in men. These results suggest that applying the JDCS model in function of the gender will contribute to a greater understanding of how to reduce the levels of job stress in men and women, helping the design of more effective policies in this area.

Suggested Citation

  • Pilar Rivera-Torres & Rafael Angel Araque-Padilla & María José Montero-Simó, 2013. "Job Stress Across Gender: The Importance of Emotional and Intellectual Demands and Social Support in Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-15, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:10:y:2013:i:1:p:375-389:d:22778
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    Cited by:

    1. Jung, Dain & Kwak, Do Won & Tang, Kam Ki & Yazbeck, Myra, 2022. "Poor Job Conditions Amplify Negative Mental Health Shocks," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    2. Rémi Colin-Chevalier & Bruno Pereira & Amanda Clare Benson & Samuel Dewavrin & Thomas Cornet & Frédéric Dutheil, 2022. "The Protective Role of Job Control/Autonomy on Mental Strain of Managers: A Cross-Sectional Study among Wittyfit’s Users," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-10, February.
    3. Roberta Fida & David Watson & Valerio Ghezzi & Claudio Barbaranelli & Matteo Ronchetti & Cristina Di Tecco, 2023. "Is Gender an Antecedent to Workplace Stressors? A Systematic Review and an Empirical Study Using a Person-Centred Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-26, April.
    4. Giuseppe La Torre & Cristina Sestili & Alice Mannocci & Alessandra Sinopoli & Massimiliano De Paolis & Sara De Francesco & Laura Rapaccini & Marco Barone & Valentina Iodice & Bruno Lojodice & Sabina S, 2018. "Association between Work Related Stress and Health Related Quality of Life: The Impact of Socio-Demographic Variables. A Cross Sectional Study in a Region of Central Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-9, January.
    5. Aziz Mensah, 2021. "Job Stress and Mental Well-Being among Working Men and Women in Europe: The Mediating Role of Social Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Karina Leksy & Mirosław Wójciak & Grzegorz Gawron & Rafał Muster & Kevin Dadaczynski & Orkan Okan, 2023. "Work-Related Stress of Polish School Principals during the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Risk Factor for Burnout," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Belinda Agyapong & Gloria Obuobi-Donkor & Lisa Burback & Yifeng Wei, 2022. "Stress, Burnout, Anxiety and Depression among Teachers: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-42, August.
    8. Stefania Capecchi & Francesca Iorio & Nunzia Nappo, 2024. "Occupational Stress, Working from Home, and Job Sustainability: Another Gender Issue?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 175(3), pages 1193-1218, December.
    9. Yi Xiao & Tao Zhang & Xiangli Gu & Joonyoung Lee & Hongying Wang, 2020. "The Roles of Individual and Psychosocial Factors in Predicting Quality of Life Among Working Women in Shanghai," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-12, March.

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