IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v17y2024i7p1542-d1362491.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design and Testing of Innovative Type of Dual-Motor Drive Electric Wheel Loader

Author

Listed:
  • Xiaotao Fei

    (Department of Automobile Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Electronics and Information, Huai’an 223003, China
    Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Yunwu Han

    (Department of Automobile Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Electronics and Information, Huai’an 223003, China)

  • Shaw Voon Wong

    (Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Amin Azman

    (Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Wenlong Shen

    (Department of Automobile Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Electronics and Information, Huai’an 223003, China
    College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 220031, China)

Abstract

The electric wheel loader is a new prototype in powertrains and drivetrains that saves energy consumption and diminishes emissions as earthmoving machinery. Dual-motor drive in the front and rear axles of electric wheel loaders helps the distribution of drive torque. However, challenges arise during shoveling conditions, particularly when one motor generates torque exceeding the ground’s adhesion force, leading to tire slippage. This study thoroughly examines the mechanical structure of the working unit and elucidates the correlation between wheel load and hydraulic pressure in the base chamber of the tilt cylinder. This analysis is accomplished through a combination of theoretical derivations and experimental tests. The experiments involve a 5 ton rated load electric wheel loader tested across five running cases as well as weighing tests on a 15 ton rated load electric wheel loader. Based on the experiment discoveries, a dual-motor drive electric wheel loader is designed with specific transmission ratios for the front and rear drivetrains, and a torque distribution strategy is proposed based on wheel load during shoveling. Running condition tests demonstrate sufficient drive force for the new electric wheel loader, and shoveling tests reveal a significant reduction in tire slippage when employing the proposed torque distribution strategy compared to evenly distributed torque in the front and rear axles. Moreover, the driving force during the shoveling process remains undiminished. This indicates that the newly designed loader, in conjunction with the proposed strategy, exhibits excellent shoveling efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaotao Fei & Yunwu Han & Shaw Voon Wong & Muhammad Amin Azman & Wenlong Shen, 2024. "Design and Testing of Innovative Type of Dual-Motor Drive Electric Wheel Loader," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1542-:d:1362491
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1542/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1542/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kwon, Kihan & Seo, Minsik & Min, Seungjae, 2020. "Efficient multi-objective optimization of gear ratios and motor torque distribution for electric vehicles with two-motor and two-speed powertrain system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    2. Zhiyu Yang & Jixin Wang & Guangzong Gao & Xiangyun Shi, 2017. "Research on Optimized Torque-Distribution Control Method for Front/Rear Axle Electric Wheel Loader," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-12, September.
    3. Xuefei Li & Chao Duan & Kun Bai & Zongwei Yao, 2021. "Operating Performance of Pure Electric Loaders with Different Types of Motors Based on Simulation Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, January.
    4. Lin, Tianliang & Lin, Yuanzheng & Ren, Haoling & Chen, Haibin & Chen, Qihuai & Li, Zhongshen, 2020. "Development and key technologies of pure electric construction machinery," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Stefano De Pinto & Pablo Camocardi & Christoforos Chatzikomis & Aldo Sorniotti & Francesco Bottiglione & Giacomo Mantriota & Pietro Perlo, 2020. "On the Comparison of 2- and 4-Wheel-Drive Electric Vehicle Layouts with Central Motors and Single- and 2-Speed Transmission Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-24, June.
    2. Louback, Eduardo & Biswas, Atriya & Machado, Fabricio & Emadi, Ali, 2024. "A review of the design process of energy management systems for dual-motor battery electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    3. Jiang, Yue & Meng, Hao & Chen, Guanpeng & Yang, Congnan & Xu, Xiaojun & Zhang, Lei & Xu, Haijun, 2022. "Differential-steering based path tracking control and energy-saving torque distribution strategy of 6WID unmanned ground vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    4. Miranda, Matheus H.R. & Silva, Fabrício L. & Lourenço, Maria A.M. & Eckert, Jony J. & Silva, Ludmila C.A., 2022. "Vehicle drivetrain and fuzzy controller optimization using a planar dynamics simulation based on a real-world driving cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    5. Kwon, Kihan & Lee, Jung-Hwan & Lim, Sang-Kil, 2023. "Optimization of multi-speed transmission for electric vehicles based on electrical and mechanical efficiency analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    6. Md Ragib Ahssan & Mehran Ektesabi & Saman Gorji, 2023. "Evaluation of a Three-Parameter Gearshift Strategy for a Two-Speed Transmission System in Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-28, March.
    7. Zhongshuai Shen & Xueying Bao & Zilong Li & Xiangru Lv, 2024. "Comparative Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Filled Embankment and Excavated Graben Schemes of Railway Subgrade Engineering," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-28, September.
    8. Chi T. P. Nguyen & Bảo-Huy Nguyễn & Minh C. Ta & João Pedro F. Trovão, 2023. "Dual-Motor Dual-Source High Performance EV: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-28, October.
    9. Huang, Xiaohui & Huang, Qi & Cao, Huajun & Yan, Wanbin & Cao, Le & Zhang, Qiongzhi, 2023. "Optimal design for improving operation performance of electric construction machinery collaborative system: Method and application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    10. Hong, Xianqian & Wu, Jinglai & Zhang, Nong & Wang, Bing, 2022. "Energy efficiency optimization of Simpson planetary gearset based dual-motor powertrains for electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    11. Gao, Bingzhao & Meng, Dele & Shi, Wentong & Cai, Wenqi & Dong, Shiying & Zhang, Yuanjian & Chen, Hong, 2022. "Topology optimization and the evolution trends of two-speed transmission of EVs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. Huang, Zhenhua & Fan, Hongqin, 2022. "Responsibility-sharing subsidy policy for reducing diesel emissions from in-use off-road construction equipment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 320(C).
    13. Lin, Xinyou & Li, Yalong & Zhang, Guangji, 2022. "Bi-objective optimization strategy of energy consumption and shift shock based driving cycle-aware bias coefficients for a novel dual-motor electric vehicle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    14. Caiyang Wei & Theo Hofman & Esin Ilhan Caarls, 2021. "Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-33, March.
    15. Lin, Tianliang & Lin, Yuanzheng & Ren, Haoling & Chen, Haibin & Li, Zhongshen & Chen, Qihuai, 2021. "A double variable control load sensing system for electric hydraulic excavator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    16. Xuefei Li & Chao Duan & Kun Bai & Zongwei Yao, 2021. "Operating Performance of Pure Electric Loaders with Different Types of Motors Based on Simulation Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-19, January.
    17. Ju, Fei & Du, Wei & Zhuang, Weichao & Li, Bingbing & Wang, Tao & Wang, Weiwei & Ma, Huijie, 2024. "Profit-effective component sizing for electric delivery trucks with dual motor coupling powertrain," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    18. Zhou, Xingyu & Sun, Chao & Sun, Fengchun & Zhang, Chuntao, 2023. "Commuting-pattern-oriented stochastic optimization of electric powertrains for revealing contributions of topology modifications to the powertrain energy efficiency," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    19. Huang, Xiaohui & Huang, Qi & Cao, Huajun & Wang, Qianyue & Yan, Wanbin & Cao, Le, 2023. "Battery capacity selection for electric construction machinery considering variable operating conditions and multiple interest claims," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    20. Liao, Peng & Tang, Tie-Qiao & Liu, Ronghui & Huang, Hai-Jun, 2021. "An eco-driving strategy for electric vehicle based on the powertrain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1542-:d:1362491. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.