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A Simple and Effective Model for Predicting the Thermal Energy Requirements of Greenhouses in Europe

Author

Listed:
  • Anna-Maria N. Dimitropoulou

    (Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece)

  • Vasileios Z. Maroulis

    (Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece)

  • Eugenia N. Giannini

    (Laboratory of Process Analysis and Design, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece)

Abstract

In this paper, a simple model is proposed for predicting the thermal energy requirements of greenhouses in Europe. The model estimates the annual heating requirements and the maximum required heating power, along with the corresponding heating and zero-energy operating periods. It is based on the greenhouse technical data (the overall heat loss coefficient, cover transmission, sensible absorbance), the cultivation conditions (temperature range), and the meteorological data (solar radiation and ambient temperature) according to the site characteristics (longitude and latitude). The model results can be obtained using a hand calculator. The model results are compared with those of a detailed model simulating a greenhouse’s thermal performance and they agreed with real data from the literature. Moreover, a model sensitivity analysis revealed the effect of various factors on the greenhouse’s energy requirements. The results proved that the most significant factor affecting heating requirements, the maximum heating power, and heating periods is the latitude of the greenhouse site, whereas zero-energy periods are primarily influenced by the plant cultivation temperature range and then by the latitude. According to our findings, in lower latitudes (40 to 50 degrees), heating requirements range from 250 to 430 kWh/m 2 /y, whereas, in higher latitudes (50 to 60 degrees), heating needs range from 430 to 650 kWh/m 2 /y.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna-Maria N. Dimitropoulou & Vasileios Z. Maroulis & Eugenia N. Giannini, 2023. "A Simple and Effective Model for Predicting the Thermal Energy Requirements of Greenhouses in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-27, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:19:p:6788-:d:1246524
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalliopi Tataraki & Eugenia Giannini & Konstantinos Kavvadias & Zacharias Maroulis, 2020. "Cogeneration Economics for Greenhouses in Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-27, July.
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    3. Canakci, Murad & Yasemin Emekli, N. & Bilgin, Sefai & Caglayan, Nuri, 2013. "Heating requirement and its costs in greenhouse structures: A case study for Mediterranean region of Turkey," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 483-490.
    4. Abdel-Ghany, A.M. & Al-Helal, I.M., 2011. "Solar energy utilization by a greenhouse: General relations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 189-196.
    5. Tataraki, Kalliopi G. & Kavvadias, Konstantinos C. & Maroulis, Zacharias B., 2019. "Combined cooling heating and power systems in greenhouses. Grassroots and retrofit design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
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