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DC Circuit Breaker Evolution, Design, and Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Mehdi Moradian

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Tek Tjing Lie

    (Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand)

  • Kosala Gunawardane

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, Australia)

Abstract

While traditional AC mechanical circuit breakers can protect AC circuits, many other DC power distribution technologies, such as DC microgrids (MGs), yield superior disruption performance, e.g., faster and more reliable switching speeds. However, novel DC circuit breaker (DCCB) designs are challenging due to the need to quickly break high currents within milliseconds, caused by the high fault current rise in DC grids compared to AC grids. In DC grids, the circuit breaker must not provide any current crossing and must absorb surges, since the arc is not naturally extinguished by the system. Additionally, the DC breaker must mitigate the magnetic energy stored in the system inductance and withstand residual overvoltages after current interruption. These challenges require a fundamentally different topology for DCCBs, which are typically made using solid-state semiconductor technology, metal oxide varistors (MOVs), and ultra-fast switches. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the development, design, and performance of DCCBs and an analysis of internal topology, the energy absorption path, and subcircuits in solid-state (SS)-based DCCBs. The research explores various novel designs that introduce different structures for an energy dissipation solution. The classification of these designs is based on the fundamental principles of surge mitigation and a detailed analysis of the techniques employed in DCCBs. In addition, our framework offers an advantageous reference point for the future evolution of SS circuit breakers in numerous developing power delivery systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehdi Moradian & Tek Tjing Lie & Kosala Gunawardane, 2023. "DC Circuit Breaker Evolution, Design, and Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:17:p:6130-:d:1223148
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Navid Bayati & Hamid Reza Baghaee & Mehdi Savaghebi & Amin Hajizadeh & Mohsen N. Soltani & Zhengyu Lin, 2021. "DC Fault Current Analyzing, Limiting, and Clearing in DC Microgrid Clusters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Bayati, Navid & Balouji, Ebrahim & Baghaee, Hamid Reza & Hajizadeh, Amin & Soltani, Mohsen & Lin, Zhengyu & Savaghebi, Mehdi, 2022. "Locating high-impedance faults in DC microgrid clusters using support vector machines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Hegazy Rezk & Rania M. Ghoniem & Seydali Ferahtia & Ahmed Fathy & Mohamed M. Ghoniem & Reem Alkanhel, 2022. "A Comparison of Different Renewable-Based DC Microgrid Energy Management Strategies for Commercial Buildings Applications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    4. Srivastava, Chetan & Tripathy, Manoj, 2021. "DC microgrid protection issues and schemes: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    5. Dequan Wang & Minfu Liao & Rufan Wang & Tenghui Li & Jun Qiu & Jinjin Li & Xiongying Duan & Jiyan Zou, 2020. "Research on Vacuum Arc Commutation Characteristics of a Natural-Commutate Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-15, September.
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