IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i9p3425-d810446.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bayesian Optimization Algorithm-Based Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches for Forecasting Short-Term Electricity Demand

Author

Listed:
  • Nahid Sultana

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia)

  • S. M. Zakir Hossain

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Zallaq 32038, Bahrain)

  • Salma Hamad Almuhaini

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia)

  • Dilek Düştegör

    (Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This article focuses on developing both statistical and machine learning approaches for forecasting hourly electricity demand in Ontario. The novelties of this study include (i) identifying essential factors that have a significant effect on electricity consumption, (ii) the execution of a Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) to optimize the model hyperparameters, (iii) hybridizing the BOA with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous inputs (SARIMAX) and nonlinear autoregressive networks with exogenous input (NARX) for modeling separately short-term electricity demand for the first time, (iv) comparing the model’s performance using several performance indicators and computing efficiency, and (v) validation of the model performance using unseen data. Six features (viz., snow depth, cloud cover, precipitation, temperature, irradiance toa, and irradiance surface) were found to be significant. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of five consecutive weekdays for all seasons in the hybrid BOA-NARX is obtained at about 3%, while a remarkable variation is observed in the hybrid BOA-SARIMAX. BOA-NARX provides an overall steady Relative Error (RE) in all seasons (1~6.56%), while BOA-SARIMAX provides unstable results (Fall: 0.73~2.98%; Summer: 8.41~14.44%). The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values for both models are >0.96. Overall results indicate that both models perform well; however, the hybrid BOA-NARX reveals a stable ability to handle the day-ahead electricity load forecasts.

Suggested Citation

  • Nahid Sultana & S. M. Zakir Hossain & Salma Hamad Almuhaini & Dilek Düştegör, 2022. "Bayesian Optimization Algorithm-Based Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches for Forecasting Short-Term Electricity Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-26, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3425-:d:810446
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3425/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/9/3425/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Abdel-Aal, R.E. & Al-Garni, A.Z. & Al-Nassar, Y.N., 1997. "Modelling and forecasting monthly electric energy consumption in eastern Saudi Arabia using abductive networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(9), pages 911-921.
    2. Hossain, S. M. Zakir & Sultana, Nahid & Razzak, Shaikh A. & Hossain, Mohammad M., 2022. "Modeling and multi-objective optimization of microalgae biomass production and CO2 biofixation using hybrid intelligence approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    3. Singh, Nitin & Mohanty, Soumya Ranjan & Dev Shukla, Rishabh, 2017. "Short term electricity price forecast based on environmentally adapted generalized neuron," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 127-139.
    4. Mohanad S. Al-Musaylh & Ravinesh C. Deo & Yan Li, 2020. "Electrical Energy Demand Forecasting Model Development and Evaluation with Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform-Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machines Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Lee, Juyong & Cho, Youngsang, 2022. "National-scale electricity peak load forecasting: Traditional, machine learning, or hybrid model?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    6. Salah Bouktif & Ali Fiaz & Ali Ouni & Mohamed Adel Serhani, 2018. "Optimal Deep Learning LSTM Model for Electric Load Forecasting using Feature Selection and Genetic Algorithm: Comparison with Machine Learning Approaches †," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, June.
    7. Seok-Jun Bu & Sung-Bae Cho, 2020. "Time Series Forecasting with Multi-Headed Attention-Based Deep Learning for Residential Energy Consumption," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-16, September.
    8. Al-Ghandoor, A. & Jaber, J.O. & Al-Hinti, I. & Mansour, I.M., 2009. "Residential past and future energy consumption: Potential savings and environmental impact," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1262-1274, August.
    9. AL-Musaylh, Mohanad S. & Deo, Ravinesh C. & Adamowski, Jan F. & Li, Yan, 2019. "Short-term electricity demand forecasting using machine learning methods enriched with ground-based climate and ECMWF Reanalysis atmospheric predictors in southeast Queensland, Australia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Ismail Shah & Hasnain Iftikhar & Sajid Ali, 2020. "Modeling and Forecasting Medium-Term Electricity Consumption Using Component Estimation Technique," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 2(2), pages 1-17, May.
    11. Jaime Buitrago & Shihab Asfour, 2017. "Short-Term Forecasting of Electric Loads Using Nonlinear Autoregressive Artificial Neural Networks with Exogenous Vector Inputs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-24, January.
    12. Velasquez, Carlos E. & Zocatelli, Matheus & Estanislau, Fidellis B.G.L. & Castro, Victor F., 2022. "Analysis of time series models for Brazilian electricity demand forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    13. Kaboli, S. Hr. Aghay & Selvaraj, J. & Rahim, N.A., 2016. "Long-term electric energy consumption forecasting via artificial cooperative search algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 857-871.
    14. Ismail Shah & Hasnain Iftikhar & Sajid Ali & Depeng Wang, 2019. "Short-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting Using Components Estimation Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-17, July.
    15. Sandra M. Guzman & Joel O. Paz & Mary Love M. Tagert, 2017. "The Use of NARX Neural Networks to Forecast Daily Groundwater Levels," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 31(5), pages 1591-1603, March.
    16. Raza, Muhammad Qamar & Khosravi, Abbas, 2015. "A review on artificial intelligence based load demand forecasting techniques for smart grid and buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1352-1372.
    17. Abdel-Aal, R.E. & Al-Garni, A.Z., 1997. "Forecasting monthly electric energy consumption in eastern Saudi Arabia using univariate time-series analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(11), pages 1059-1069.
    18. Cai, Mengmeng & Pipattanasomporn, Manisa & Rahman, Saifur, 2019. "Day-ahead building-level load forecasts using deep learning vs. traditional time-series techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 1078-1088.
    19. Zina Boussaada & Octavian Curea & Ahmed Remaci & Haritza Camblong & Najiba Mrabet Bellaaj, 2018. "A Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous (NARX) Neural Network Model for the Prediction of the Daily Direct Solar Radiation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-21, March.
    20. Abdel daiem, Mahmoud M. & Hatata, Ahmed & Said, Noha, 2022. "Modeling and optimization of semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of activated sludge and wheat straw using Nonlinear Autoregressive Exogenous neural network and seagull algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    21. Kamal Chapagain & Somsak Kittipiyakul & Pisut Kulthanavit, 2020. "Short-Term Electricity Demand Forecasting: Impact Analysis of Temperature for Thailand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-29, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Filipe Rodrigues & Carlos Cardeira & João M. F. Calado & Rui Melicio, 2023. "Short-Term Load Forecasting of Electricity Demand for the Residential Sector Based on Modelling Techniques: A Systematic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-26, May.
    2. Mustafa Saglam & Xiaojing Lv & Catalina Spataru & Omer Ali Karaman, 2024. "Instantaneous Electricity Peak Load Forecasting Using Optimization and Machine Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.
    3. Mustafa Saglam & Catalina Spataru & Omer Ali Karaman, 2023. "Forecasting Electricity Demand in Turkey Using Optimization and Machine Learning Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-23, June.
    4. Mustafa Saglam & Catalina Spataru & Omer Ali Karaman, 2022. "Electricity Demand Forecasting with Use of Artificial Intelligence: The Case of Gokceada Island," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-22, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Salma Hamad Almuhaini & Nahid Sultana, 2023. "Forecasting Long-Term Electricity Consumption in Saudi Arabia Based on Statistical and Machine Learning Algorithms to Enhance Electric Power Supply Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-28, February.
    2. Debnath, Kumar Biswajit & Mourshed, Monjur, 2018. "Forecasting methods in energy planning models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 297-325.
    3. Karodine Chreng & Han Soo Lee & Soklin Tuy, 2022. "A Hybrid Model for Electricity Demand Forecast Using Improved Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Recurrent Neural Networks with ERA5 Climate Variables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-26, October.
    4. Chatum Sankalpa & Somsak Kittipiyakul & Seksan Laitrakun, 2022. "Forecasting Short-Term Electricity Load Using Validated Ensemble Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-30, November.
    5. Jasiński, Tomasz, 2022. "A new approach to modeling cycles with summer and winter demand peaks as input variables for deep neural networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    6. Deb, Chirag & Zhang, Fan & Yang, Junjing & Lee, Siew Eang & Shah, Kwok Wei, 2017. "A review on time series forecasting techniques for building energy consumption," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 902-924.
    7. Suganthi, L. & Samuel, Anand A., 2012. "Energy models for demand forecasting—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 1223-1240.
    8. Umar Javed & Khalid Ijaz & Muhammad Jawad & Ejaz A. Ansari & Noman Shabbir & Lauri Kütt & Oleksandr Husev, 2021. "Exploratory Data Analysis Based Short-Term Electrical Load Forecasting: A Comprehensive Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, September.
    9. Federico Divina & Miguel García Torres & Francisco A. Goméz Vela & José Luis Vázquez Noguera, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Time Series Forecasting Methods for Short Term Electric Energy Consumption Prediction in Smart Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-23, May.
    10. Hasnain Iftikhar & Josue E. Turpo-Chaparro & Paulo Canas Rodrigues & Javier Linkolk López-Gonzales, 2023. "Day-Ahead Electricity Demand Forecasting Using a Novel Decomposition Combination Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-22, September.
    11. Bingjie Jin & Guihua Zeng & Zhilin Lu & Hongqiao Peng & Shuxin Luo & Xinhe Yang & Haojun Zhu & Mingbo Liu, 2022. "Hybrid LSTM–BPNN-to-BPNN Model Considering Multi-Source Information for Forecasting Medium- and Long-Term Electricity Peak Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-20, October.
    12. Timothy Praditia & Thilo Walser & Sergey Oladyshkin & Wolfgang Nowak, 2020. "Improving Thermochemical Energy Storage Dynamics Forecast with Physics-Inspired Neural Network Architecture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-26, July.
    13. Gholami, M. & Barbaresi, A. & Torreggiani, D. & Tassinari, P., 2020. "Upscaling of spatial energy planning, phases, methods, and techniques: A systematic review through meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    14. Kailai Ni & Jianzhou Wang & Guangyu Tang & Danxiang Wei, 2019. "Research and Application of a Novel Hybrid Model Based on a Deep Neural Network for Electricity Load Forecasting: A Case Study in Australia," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-30, June.
    15. Zhou, Dengji & Yu, Ziqiang & Zhang, Huisheng & Weng, Shilie, 2016. "A novel grey prognostic model based on Markov process and grey incidence analysis for energy conversion equipment degradation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 420-429.
    16. Ahmad, Tanveer & Chen, Huanxin, 2019. "Deep learning for multi-scale smart energy forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 98-112.
    17. Muhammad Ahmar & Fahad Ali & Yuexiang Jiang & Mamdooh Alwetaishi & Sherif S. M. Ghoneim, 2022. "Households’ Energy Choices in Rural Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-23, April.
    18. Jonathan Berrisch & Micha{l} Narajewski & Florian Ziel, 2022. "High-Resolution Peak Demand Estimation Using Generalized Additive Models and Deep Neural Networks," Papers 2203.03342, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2022.
    19. Parajuli, Ranjan & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Dalgaard, Tommy & Pokharel, Govind Raj, 2014. "Energy consumption projection of Nepal: An econometric approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 432-444.
    20. Fjelkestam Frederiksen, Cornelia A. & Cai, Zuansi, 2022. "Novel machine learning approach for solar photovoltaic energy output forecast using extra-terrestrial solar irradiance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:9:p:3425-:d:810446. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.