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Electrochemical Cells and Storage Technologies to Increase Renewable Energy Share in Cold Climate Conditions—A Critical Assessment

Author

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  • Yao Ahoutou

    (Wind Energy Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada)

  • Adrian Ilinca

    (Wind Energy Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada)

  • Mohamad Issa

    (Wind Energy Research Laboratory, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada)

Abstract

The energy efficiency of a renewable energy system is inextricably linked to the energy storage technologies used in conjunction with it. The most extensively utilized energy storage technology for all purposes is electrochemical storage batteries, which have grown more popular over time because of their extended life, high working voltage, and low self-discharge rate. However, these batteries cannot withstand the very low temperatures encountered in cold regions, even with these very promising technical characteristics. The cold northern temperatures affect the batteries’ electromotive force and thus decrease their storage capacity. In addition, they affect the conductivity of the electrolyte and the kinetics of electrochemical reactions, thus influencing the capacity and speed of electrons in the electrolyte. In this article, which is intended as a literature review, we first describe the technical characteristics of charge–discharge rate of different electrochemical storage techniques and their variations with temperature. Then, new approaches used to adapt these electrochemical storage techniques to cold climates are presented. We also conduct a comparative study between the different electrochemical storage techniques regarding their performance in the harsh climatic conditions of the Canadian North.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao Ahoutou & Adrian Ilinca & Mohamad Issa, 2022. "Electrochemical Cells and Storage Technologies to Increase Renewable Energy Share in Cold Climate Conditions—A Critical Assessment," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:4:p:1579-:d:754581
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Joelton Deonei Gotz & João Eustáquio Machado Neto & José Rodolfo Galvão & Taysa Millena Banik Marques & Hugo Valadares Siqueira & Emilson Ribeiro Viana & Manoel H. N. Marinho & Mohamed A. Mohamed & Ad, 2023. "Studying Abuse Testing on Lithium-Ion Battery Packaging for Energy Storage Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-18, July.
    2. Wenshang Chen & Yang Liu & Ben Chen, 2022. "Numerical Simulation on Pressure Dynamic Response Characteristics of Hydrogen Systems for Fuel Cell Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Mohamad Issa & Adrian Ilinca & Fahed Martini, 2022. "Ship Energy Efficiency and Maritime Sector Initiatives to Reduce Carbon Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-37, October.
    4. Mohamad Issa & Adrian Ilinca & Daniel R. Rousse & Loïc Boulon & Philippe Groleau, 2023. "Renewable Energy and Decarbonization in the Canadian Mining Industry: Opportunities and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-22, October.

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