IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i23p9014-d987086.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing Wind Energy Projects Potential in Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward

Author

Listed:
  • Jamshid Ali Turi

    (College of Business Administration, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47912, Saudi Arabia)

  • Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka

    (Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland)

  • Maryam Mansoor

    (Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Hira Asif

    (Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Ahad Nazir

    (Sustainable Development Policy Institute and Bahria Business School, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente

    (Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economics and Business Statistics and Economic Policy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain)

Abstract

Energy is the driver of the socioeconomic growth and development of a country. In the pursuit of available and affordable sources of energy, nations around the world have forgotten the sustainability angle and are facing an energy crisis. The developing world has initiated development plans in an unsustainable way, causing a demand–supply gap and leading to very high energy prices. Renewable energy gives us a solution to this circular crisis. The recent world has seen significant investment in renewables, particularly in the wind energy sector. The investment was initiated as a government spending program, but is now taken up by the private sector. The current study presents a thorough analysis of the prospects for wind energy and the means and measures required to fully capacitate the sector in Pakistan. In Pakistan’s three largest provinces, there is tremendous potential for wind energy, which requires proper utilization and exploration for sustained socioeconomic development. This study is based on the mixed-methods approach. In the first phase, content analysis was caried out using the systematic literature review (SLR) technique. Relevant content analysis was performed using the PRISMA diagram. A total of two hundred and thirty-nine (239) documents were scanned; however, only eighty-two (82) were included after the removal of duplications and irrelevant documents. Moreover, short interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs, and themes have been prescribed. The study found that commercially feasible wind energy potential is particularly abundant in Pakistan’s Sindh and Balochistan regions. The country’s diverse geography makes it ideal for wind turbine installations at various sites. The renewable energy policy should be revisited to incentivize the use of wind energy to ensure the nationally determined contributions (NDCs)’ commitments are assured to achieve sustainable development by 2030. Pakistan has seen rapid development in the wind energy sector with around 4 percent of electric power being generated through wind farms in just over 13 years. In order to exploit the potential, there is a need for significant public and private joint efforts.

Suggested Citation

  • Jamshid Ali Turi & Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka & Maryam Mansoor & Hira Asif & Ahad Nazir & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022. "Assessing Wind Energy Projects Potential in Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9014-:d:987086
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9014/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/23/9014/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mirza, Umar K. & Ahmad, Nasir & Majeed, Tariq & Harijan, Khanji, 2007. "Wind energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(9), pages 2179-2190, December.
    2. Mazhar H. Baloch & Safdar A. Abro & Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi & Nayyar H. Mirjat & Sohaib Tahir & M. Haroon Nadeem & Mehr Gul & Zubair A. Memon & Mahendar Kumar, 2017. "A Research on Electricity Generation from Wind Corridors of Pakistan (Two Provinces): A Technical Proposal for Remote Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-31, September.
    3. Sheikh, Munawar A., 2009. "Renewable energy resource potential in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(9), pages 2696-2702, December.
    4. Ziaei, Sayyed Mahdi, 2022. "The impacts of household social benefits, public expenditure on labour markets, and household financial assets on the renewable energy sector," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 51-58.
    5. Raza, Muhammad Yousaf & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Energy efficiency and factor productivity in Pakistan: Policy perspectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    6. Yousaf Raza, Muhammad & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Natural gas consumption, energy efficiency and low carbon transition in Pakistan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    7. Vasconcelos, Rafael Monteiro de & Silva, Lara Luana Cirilo & González, Mario Orestes Aguirre & Santiso, Andressa Medeiros & de Melo, David Cassimiro, 2022. "Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    8. Xinting Hu & Muhammad Imran & Mengyun Wu & Hee Cheol Moon & Xiaochen Liu, 2020. "Alternative to Oil and Gas: Review of Economic Benefits and Potential of Wind Power in Pakistan," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-16, November.
    9. Kardooni, Roozbeh & Yusoff, Sumiani Binti & Kari, Fatimah Binti, 2016. "Renewable energy technology acceptance in Peninsular Malaysia," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 1-10.
    10. Shami, Sajjad Haider & Ahmad, Jameel & Zafar, Raheel & Haris, Muhammad & Bashir, Sajid, 2016. "Evaluating wind energy potential in Pakistan's three provinces, with proposal for integration into national power grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 408-421.
    11. Cordroch, Luisa & Hilpert, Simon & Wiese, Frauke, 2022. "Why renewables and energy efficiency are not enough - the relevance of sufficiency in the heating sector for limiting global warming to 1.5 °C," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    12. Khan, Komal S. & Tariq, Muhammad, 2018. "Wind resource assessment using SODAR and meteorological mast – A case study of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2443-2449.
    13. Love Kumar & Farah Nadeem & Maggie Sloan & Jonas Restle-Steinert & Matthew J. Deitch & Sohail Ali Naqvi & Avinash Kumar & Claudio Sassanelli, 2022. "Fostering Green Finance for Sustainable Development: A Focus on Textile and Leather Small Medium Enterprises in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    14. Kamran, Muhammad & Fazal, Muhammad Rayyan & Mudassar, Muhammad, 2020. "Towards empowerment of the renewable energy sector in Pakistan for sustainable energy evolution: SWOT analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 543-558.
    15. Rabbani, Rabab & Zeeshan, Muhammad, 2022. "Impact of policy changes on financial viability of wind power plants in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 789-806.
    16. Duong Minh Ngoc & Montri Luengchavanon & Pham Thi Anh & Kim Humphreys & Kuaanan Techato, 2022. "Shades of Green: Life Cycle Assessment of a Novel Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Tree," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    17. Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka & Justyna Żywiołek & Maciej Mrowiec, 2022. "Analysis of Customer Satisfaction with the Quality of Energy Market Services in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-24, May.
    18. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Zuha Anjum & Nabila Yasin & Leenah Siddiqui & Ifzana Farhat & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mohamed Darwish & Muhammad Aamir &, 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-49, September.
    19. Mehr Gul & Nengling Tai & Wentao Huang & Muhammad Haroon Nadeem & Moduo Yu, 2019. "Assessment of Wind Power Potential and Economic Analysis at Hyderabad in Pakistan: Powering to Local Communities Using Wind Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-23, March.
    20. Khahro, Shahnawaz Farhan & Tabbassum, Kavita & Mahmood Soomro, Amir & Liao, Xiaozhong & Alvi, Muhammad Bux & Dong, Lei & Manzoor, M. Farhan, 2014. "Techno-economical evaluation of wind energy potential and analysis of power generation from wind at Gharo, Sindh Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 460-474.
    21. Saeed, Muhammad Abid & Ahmed, Zahoor & Zhang, Weidong, 2020. "Wind energy potential and economic analysis with a comparison of different methods for determining the optimal distribution parameters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1092-1109.
    22. Mehr Gul & Nengling Tai & Wentao Huang & Muhammad Haroon Nadeem & Moduo Yu, 2020. "Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential Using an Optimum Approach based on Maximum Distance Metric," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-23, March.
    23. Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka & Justyna Żywiołek, 2022. "Qualitative Analysis of Household Energy Awareness in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, March.
    24. Zuhaibuddin Bhutto & Sikandar Ali Abbasi & Saeed Zaman Jamali & Salman Masroor & Jalal Shah & Murtaza Hussain Shaikh & Ayaz Hussain, 2022. "Evaluation of Drivers and Barriers of Wind Power Generation in Pakistan. SWOT-Delphi Method," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 342-348, March.
    25. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Xing, Wenwu & Lee, Chi-Chuan, 2022. "The impact of energy security on income inequality: The key role of economic development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    26. Özkan, Musa & Erkan, Onur, 2022. "Control of a boundary layer over a wind turbine blade using distributed passive roughness," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 421-429.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Aiman Abbas Mahar & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Bhawani S. Chowdhry & Laveet Kumar & Quynh T. Tran & Gaetano Zizzo, 2023. "Condition Assessment and Analysis of Bearing of Doubly Fed Wind Turbines Using Machine Learning Technique," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Mahyar Lasemi Imeni & Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh & Mohammad Ali Lasemi & Zhenyu Yang, 2023. "Optimal Scheduling of a Hydrogen-Based Energy Hub Considering a Stochastic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-23, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Varadharajan Sankaralingam Sriraja Balaguru & Nesamony Jothi Swaroopan & Kannadasan Raju & Mohammed H. Alsharif & Mun-Kyeom Kim, 2021. "Techno-Economic Investigation of Wind Energy Potential in Selected Sites with Uncertainty Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-31, February.
    2. Muhammad Bin Ali & Zeshan Ahmad & Saad Alshahrani & Muhammad Rizwan Younis & Irsa Talib & Muhammad Imran, 2022. "A Case Study: Layout Optimization of Three Gorges Wind Farm Pakistan, Using Genetic Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Yasir Ahmed Solangi & Qingmei Tan & Muhammad Waris Ali Khan & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Ifzal Ahmed, 2018. "The Selection of Wind Power Project Location in the Southeastern Corridor of Pakistan: A Factor Analysis, AHP, and Fuzzy-TOPSIS Application," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-26, July.
    4. Yousaf Raza, Muhammad & Lin, Boqiang, 2023. "Development trend of Pakistan's natural gas consumption: A sectorial decomposition analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    5. Mehr Gul & Nengling Tai & Wentao Huang & Muhammad Haroon Nadeem & Moduo Yu, 2019. "Assessment of Wind Power Potential and Economic Analysis at Hyderabad in Pakistan: Powering to Local Communities Using Wind Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-23, March.
    6. Aized, Tauseef & Shahid, Muhammad & Bhatti, Amanat Ali & Saleem, Muhammad & Anandarajah, Gabrial, 2018. "Energy security and renewable energy policy analysis of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 155-169.
    7. Kanwal, Saira & Mehran, Muhammad Taqi & Hassan, Muhammad & Anwar, Mustafa & Naqvi, Salman Raza & Khoja, Asif Hussain, 2022. "An integrated future approach for the energy security of Pakistan: Replacement of fossil fuels with syngas for better environment and socio-economic development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Sumair, Muhammad & Aized, Tauseef & Aslam Bhutta, Muhammad Mahmood & Siddiqui, Farrukh Arsalan & Tehreem, Layba & Chaudhry, Abduallah, 2022. "Method of Four Moments Mixture-A new approach for parametric estimation of Weibull Probability Distribution for wind potential estimation applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 291-304.
    9. Ashfaq, Asad & Ianakiev, Anton, 2018. "Features of fully integrated renewable energy atlas for Pakistan; wind, solar and cooling," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 14-27.
    10. Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Mohammad Aslam Uqaili & Khanji Harijan & Mohd Wazir Mustafa & Md. Mizanur Rahman & M. Waris Ali Khan, 2018. "Multi-Criteria Analysis of Electricity Generation Scenarios for Sustainable Energy Planning in Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-33, March.
    11. Allouhi, A. & Zamzoum, O. & Islam, M.R. & Saidur, R. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Derouich, A., 2017. "Evaluation of wind energy potential in Morocco's coastal regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 311-324.
    12. Ahmad, Jameel & Imran, Muhammad & Khalid, Abdullah & Iqbal, Waseem & Ashraf, Syed Rehan & Adnan, Muhammad & Ali, Syed Farooq & Khokhar, Khawar Siddique, 2018. "Techno economic analysis of a wind-photovoltaic-biomass hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification: A case study of Kallar Kahar," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 208-234.
    13. Bilal, Boudy & Adjallah, Kondo Hloindo & Yetilmezsoy, Kaan & Bahramian, Majid & Kıyan, Emel, 2021. "Determination of wind potential characteristics and techno-economic feasibility analysis of wind turbines for Northwest Africa," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    14. Muhammad Irfan & Zhen-Yu Zhao & Munir Ahmad & Marie Claire Mukeshimana, 2019. "Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, February.
    15. Suzer, Ahmet Esat & Atasoy, Vehbi Emrah & Ekici, Selcuk, 2021. "Developing a holistic simulation approach for parametric techno-economic analysis of wind energy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    16. Rafiq Asghar & Zahid Ullah & Babar Azeem & Sheraz Aslam & Muhammad Harris Hashmi & Ehtsham Rasool & Bilawal Shaker & Muhammad Junaid Anwar & Kainat Mustafa, 2022. "Wind Energy Potential in Pakistan: A Feasibility Study in Sindh Province," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-23, November.
    17. Naqvi, Salman Raza & Jamshaid, Sana & Naqvi, Muhammad & Farooq, Wasif & Niazi, Muhammad Bilal Khan & Aman, Zaeem & Zubair, Muhammad & Ali, Majid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Inayat, Abrar & Afzal, Waheed, 2018. "Potential of biomass for bioenergy in Pakistan based on present case and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1247-1258.
    18. Ullah, Irfan & Chaudhry, Qamar-uz-Zaman & Chipperfield, Andrew J., 2010. "An evaluation of wind energy potential at Kati Bandar, Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 856-861, February.
    19. Abdeshahian, Peyman & Lim, Jeng Shiun & Ho, Wai Shin & Hashim, Haslenda & Lee, Chew Tin, 2016. "Potential of biogas production from farm animal waste in Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 714-723.
    20. Tang, Shengwen & Chen, Jingtao & Sun, Peigui & Li, Yang & Yu, Peng & Chen, E., 2019. "Current and future hydropower development in Southeast Asia countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 239-249.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:23:p:9014-:d:987086. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.