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Shades of Green: Life Cycle Assessment of a Novel Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Tree

Author

Listed:
  • Duong Minh Ngoc

    (Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
    Faculty of Economics, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam)

  • Montri Luengchavanon

    (Sustainable Energy Management Program, Wind Energy and Energy Storage Centre (WEESYC), Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
    Cemme Center of Excellence in Metal and Materials Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand)

  • Pham Thi Anh

    (Institute for Environmental and Transport Studies, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City 72308, Vietnam)

  • Kim Humphreys

    (Independent Researcher, 5561, 5th Line, Alliston ON L9R 1V2, Canada)

  • Kuaanan Techato

    (Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
    Program of Sustainable Energy Management, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand)

Abstract

Are small-scale wind turbines green? In this study, we perform a ‘cradle to grave’ life cycle assessment of a novel domestic-scale 10 kW vertical axis wind turbine tree which uses combined Savonius and H-Darrieus blades. Situated at a test site in Surat Thani, Thailand, SimaPro software was used to evaluate the environmental impact profile of the tree. Comparisons to the Thai grid mix were made, using both with and without end-of-life treatments. Impact profiles were calculated using wind data collected over two years at Surat Thani, and from wind data from a higher capacity factor ( C F ) site at Chiang Mai, Thailand. Energy and greenhouse gas payback times were estimated for both locations. The relative magnitudes of impacts were compared with environmental prices protocol, and we investigated reductions in impacts using three mitigative scenarios: changes to design, transportation and materials. The results showed that Chiang Mai had a C F = 7.58% and Surat Thani had a C F = 1.68%. A total of 9 out of 11 impacts were less than the grid values at Chiang Mai, but at Surat Thani, 9 of 11 impacts were more than the grid values. End-of-life treatments reduced impacts by an average of 11%. The tower and generator were majority contributors to impacts (average 69%). Greenhouse gas and energy payback times were 28.61 and 54.77 years, and 6.50 and 12.50 years for Surat Thani and Chiang Mai, respectively, with only the Chiang Mai times being less than the turbine’s estimated lifetime. Location changes mitigated impacts most, followed by design, transportation, and then materials. We make recommendations to further improve the environmental impact profile of this turbine tree.

Suggested Citation

  • Duong Minh Ngoc & Montri Luengchavanon & Pham Thi Anh & Kim Humphreys & Kuaanan Techato, 2022. "Shades of Green: Life Cycle Assessment of a Novel Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Tree," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:20:p:7530-:d:940488
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Duong Minh Ngoc & Kuaanan Techato & Le Duc Niem & Nguyen Thi Hai Yen & Nguyen Van Dat & Montri Luengchavanon, 2021. "A Novel 10 kW Vertical Axis Wind Tree Design: Economic Feasibility Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Hafiz Usman Ghani & Awais Mahmood & Asmat Ullah & Shabbir H. Gheewala, 2020. "Life Cycle Environmental and Economic Performance Analysis of Bagasse-Based Electricity in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Wang, Like & Wang, Yuan & Du, Huibin & Zuo, Jian & Yi Man Li, Rita & Zhou, Zhihua & Bi, Fenfen & Garvlehn, McSimon P., 2019. "A comparative life-cycle assessment of hydro-, nuclear and wind power: A China study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 37-45.
    4. Ståle Navrud, 2017. "Possibilities and challenges in transfer and generalisation of monetary estimates for environmental and health benefits of regulating chemicals," OECD Environment Working Papers 119, OECD Publishing.
    5. Michaela Gkantou & Carlos Rebelo & Charalampos Baniotopoulos, 2020. "Life Cycle Assessment of Tall Onshore Hybrid Steel Wind Turbine Towers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Matthew Gough & Mohamed Lotfi & Rui Castro & Amos Madhlopa & Azeem Khan & João P. S. Catalão, 2019. "Urban Wind Resource Assessment: A Case Study on Cape Town," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-20, April.
    7. Lombardi, Lidia & Mendecka, Barbara & Carnevale, Ennio & Stanek, Wojciech, 2018. "Environmental impacts of electricity production of micro wind turbines with vertical axis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PB), pages 553-564.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jamshid Ali Turi & Joanna Rosak-Szyrocka & Maryam Mansoor & Hira Asif & Ahad Nazir & Daniel Balsalobre-Lorente, 2022. "Assessing Wind Energy Projects Potential in Pakistan: Challenges and Way Forward," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.

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