IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i22p8653-d976566.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design of Mid-Point Ground with Resistors and Capacitors in Mono-Polar LVDC System

Author

Listed:
  • Seung-Taek Lim

    (Electrical Safety Research Institute, Korea Electrical Safety Corporation, 111 Anjeon-ro, Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea)

  • Ki-Yeon Lee

    (Electrical Safety Research Institute, Korea Electrical Safety Corporation, 111 Anjeon-ro, Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea)

  • Dong-Ju Chae

    (Electrical Safety Research Institute, Korea Electrical Safety Corporation, 111 Anjeon-ro, Iseo-Myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea)

  • Sung-Hun Lim

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

Low-voltage direct current (LVDC) systems have been increasingly studied as new efficient power systems. However, existing studies have primarily focused on power conversion designs, control, and operation, and research on ground configurations of LVDC systemsis insufficient. Consideration of the installation criteria of protective equipment and grounding systems is crucial because ground configurations in general households for end users are highly associated with the risk of human electrocution. Therefore, we investigate a mid-point grounding system using capacitors to ensure electrical safety in a mono-polar LVDC system that a general end user can directly experience in a household. MATLAB/Simulink is used to analyze the fault characteristics of the mid-point grounding system using capacitors by considering the effects of DC on the human body based on the International Electrical Code (IEC). Consequently, this paper suggests the minimum required values of the capacitors and resistors to operate the DC residual current detector (DC RCD), and the operation of the DC RCD was confirmed. By confirming the applicability of DC RCD in a household LVDC system with a mid-point grounding system using capacitors and resistors, unnecessary power loss in a mid-point grounding system and electrical accidents, such as electric shocks and fires, could be minimized.

Suggested Citation

  • Seung-Taek Lim & Ki-Yeon Lee & Dong-Ju Chae & Sung-Hun Lim, 2022. "Design of Mid-Point Ground with Resistors and Capacitors in Mono-Polar LVDC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8653-:d:976566
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8653/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8653/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pankaj Verma & Nitish Katal & Bhisham Sharma & Subrata Chowdhury & Abolfazl Mehbodniya & Julian L. Webber & Ali Bostani, 2022. "Voltage Rise Mitigation in PV Rich LV Distribution Networks Using DC/DC Converter Level Active Power Curtailment Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Hasan Erteza Gelani & Faizan Dastgeer & Mashood Nasir & Sidra Khan & Josep M. Guerrero, 2021. "AC vs. DC Distribution Efficiency: Are We on the Right Path?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-26, July.
    3. Yohannes Biru Aemro & Pedro Moura & Aníbal T. de Almeida, 2020. "Design and Modeling of a Standalone DC-Microgrid for Off-Grid Schools in Rural Areas of Developing Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-24, December.
    4. Hun-Chul Seo & Gi-Hyeon Gwon & Keon-Woo Park, 2021. "Fault Section Estimation in Radial LVDC Distribution System Using Wavelet Transform," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Hakim Azaioud & Robbert Claeys & Jos Knockaert & Lieven Vandevelde & Jan Desmet, 2021. "A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS: Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    6. Mishra, Manohar & Patnaik, Bhaskar & Biswal, Monalisa & Hasan, Shazia & Bansal, Ramesh C., 2022. "A systematic review on DC-microgrid protection and grounding techniques: Issues, challenges and future perspective," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    7. Kitson, J. & Williamson, S.J. & Harper, P.W. & McMahon, C.A. & Rosenberg, G. & Tierney, M.J. & Bell, K. & Gautam, B., 2018. "Modelling of an expandable, reconfigurable, renewable DC microgrid for off-grid communities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 142-153.
    8. Riccardo Chiumeo & Diego Raggini & Alessandro Veroni & Alessio Clerici, 2022. "Comparative Analysis of PI and ADRC Control through CHIL Real Time Simulations of a DC-DC DAB into a Multi-Terminal MVDC/LVDC Distribution Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-32, October.
    9. Youngjin Kim, 2017. "Modeling and Analysis of a DC Electrical System and Controllers for Implementation of a Grid-Interactive Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-21, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Saeed Habibi & Ramin Rahimi & Mehdi Ferdowsi & Pourya Shamsi, 2021. "DC Bus Voltage Selection for a Grid-Connected Low-Voltage DC Residential Nanogrid Using Real Data with Modified Load Profiles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Azaioud, Hakim & Farnam, Arash & Knockaert, Jos & Vandevelde, Lieven & Desmet, Jan, 2024. "Efficiency optimisation and converterless PV integration by applying a dynamic voltage on an LVDC backbone," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    3. Gerber, Daniel L. & Ghatpande, Omkar A. & Nazir, Moazzam & Heredia, Willy G. Bernal & Feng, Wei & Brown, Richard E., 2022. "Energy and power quality measurement for electrical distribution in AC and DC microgrid buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    4. Gaurav Kumar Roy & Marco Pau & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2021. "A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, April.
    5. William Clements & Surendra Pandit & Prashanna Bajracharya & Joe Butchers & Sam Williamson & Biraj Gautam & Paul Harper, 2021. "Techno-Economic Modelling of Micro-Hydropower Mini-Grids in Nepal to Improve Financial Sustainability and Enable Electric Cooking," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-23, July.
    6. Hui-Yu Jin & Yang Chen, 2023. "First-Order Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Turbofan Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    7. Meshari Alshammari & Maeve Duffy, 2021. "Feasibility Analysis of a DC Distribution System for a 6 kW Photovoltaic Installation in Ireland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-17, October.
    8. Syed Basit Ali Bukhari & Abdul Wadood & Tahir Khurshaid & Khawaja Khalid Mehmood & Sang Bong Rhee & Ki-Chai Kim, 2022. "Empirical Wavelet Transform-Based Intelligent Protection Scheme for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.
    9. Rémy Cleenwerck & Hakim Azaioud & Majid Vafaeipour & Thierry Coosemans & Jan Desmet, 2023. "Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid: A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Pinthurat, Watcharakorn & Hredzak, Branislav, 2021. "Fully decentralized control strategy for heterogeneous energy storage systems distributed in islanded DC datacentre microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    11. O., Yugeswar Reddy & J., Jithendranath & Chakraborty, Ajoy Kumar & Guerrero, Josep M., 2022. "Stochastic optimal power flow in islanded DC microgrids with correlated load and solar PV uncertainties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    12. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Farhad Zishan & Diego Armando Giral-Ramírez, 2022. "Recursive Convex Model for Optimal Power Flow Solution in Monopolar DC Networks," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-14, October.
    13. Prevedello, Giulio & Werth, Annette, 2021. "The benefits of sharing in off-grid microgrids: A case study in the Philippines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
    14. Eskander, Monica M. & Silva, Carlos A., 2023. "Techno-economic and environmental comparative analysis for DC microgrids in households: Portuguese and French household case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    15. Aatabe, Mohamed & El Guezar, Fatima & Vargas, Alessandro N. & Bouzahir, Hassane, 2021. "A novel stochastic maximum power point tracking control for off-grid standalone photovoltaic systems with unpredictable load demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C).
    16. Wang, Ting & Zhang, Chunyan & Hao, Zhiguo & Monti, Antonello & Ponci, Ferdinanda, 2023. "Data-driven fault detection and isolation in DC microgrids without prior fault data: A transfer learning approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    17. Barelli, L. & Bidini, G. & Pelosi, D. & Ciupageanu, D.A. & Cardelli, E. & Castellini, S. & Lăzăroiu, G., 2020. "Comparative analysis of AC and DC bus configurations for flywheel-battery HESS integration in residential micro-grids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    18. Saeed Golestan & Hessam Golmohamadi & Rakesh Sinha & Florin Iov & Birgitte Bak-Jensen, 2024. "Real-Time Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing Based on OPAL-RT ePHASORSIM: A Review of Recent Advances and a Simple Validation in EV Charging Management Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-25, September.
    19. Ahmed Abdelhak Smadi & Farid Khoucha & Yassine Amirat & Abdeldjabar Benrabah & Mohamed Benbouzid, 2023. "Active Disturbance Rejection Control of an Interleaved High Gain DC-DC Boost Converter for Fuel Cell Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-17, January.
    20. Xing, Wei & Wang, Hewu & Lu, Languang & Han, Xuebing & Sun, Kai & Ouyang, Minggao, 2021. "An adaptive virtual inertia control strategy for distributed battery energy storage system in microgrids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:22:p:8653-:d:976566. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.