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A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS: Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System

Author

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  • Hakim Azaioud

    (EELab/Lemcko, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium)

  • Robbert Claeys

    (EELab/Lemcko, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium)

  • Jos Knockaert

    (EELab/Lemcko, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium)

  • Lieven Vandevelde

    (EELab, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
    FlandersMake@UGent—Corelab EEDT-DC, Flanders Make, 9052 Ghent, Belgium)

  • Jan Desmet

    (EELab/Lemcko, Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium)

Abstract

The increasing penetration of PV into the distribution grid leads to congestion, causing detrimental power quality issues. Moreover, the multiple small photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) result in increasing conversion losses. A low-voltage DC (LVDC) backbone to interconnect these assets would decrease the conversion losses and is a promising solution for a more optimal integration of PV systems. The multiple small PV systems can be replaced by shared assets with large common PV installations and a large BESS. Sharing renewable energy and aggregation are activities that are stimulated by the European Commission and lead to a substantial benefit in terms of self-consumption index (SCI) and self-sufficiency index (SSI). In this study, the benefit of an LVDC backbone is investigated compared to using a low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. It is found that the cable losses increase by 0.9 percent points and the conversion losses decrease by 12 percent points compared to the traditional low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. The SCI increases by 2 percent points and the SSI increases by 6 percent points compared to using an LVAC system with shared meter. It is shown that an LVDC backbone is only beneficial with a PV penetration level of 65% and that the BESS can be reduced by 22% for the same SSI.

Suggested Citation

  • Hakim Azaioud & Robbert Claeys & Jos Knockaert & Lieven Vandevelde & Jan Desmet, 2021. "A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS: Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:5:p:1420-:d:510692
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hakim Azaioud & Jan Desmet & Lieven Vandevelde, 2020. "Benefit Evaluation of PV Orientation for Individual Residential Consumers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-24, October.
    2. Stéphane Allard & Vincent Debusschere & Silvana Mima & Tuan Tran Quoc & Nouredine Hadjsaid & Patrick Criqui, 2020. "Considering distribution grids and local flexibilities in the prospective development of the European power system by 2050," Post-Print hal-03133109, HAL.
    3. Klyapovskiy, Sergey & You, Shi & Michiorri, Andrea & Kariniotakis, George & Bindner, Henrik W., 2019. "Incorporating flexibility options into distribution grid reinforcement planning: A techno-economic framework approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    4. Fabrice Locment & Manuela Sechilariu, 2015. "Modeling and Simulation of DC Microgrids for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(5), pages 1-22, May.
    5. Bayer, Benjamin & Matschoss, Patrick & Thomas, Heiko & Marian, Adela, 2018. "The German experience with integrating photovoltaic systems into the low-voltage grids," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 129-141.
    6. Allard, Stéphane & Debusschere, Vincent & Mima, Silvana & Quoc, Tuan Tran & Hadjsaid, Nouredine & Criqui, Patrick, 2020. "Considering distribution grids and local flexibilities in the prospective development of the European power system by 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Azaioud, Hakim & Farnam, Arash & Knockaert, Jos & Vandevelde, Lieven & Desmet, Jan, 2024. "Efficiency optimisation and converterless PV integration by applying a dynamic voltage on an LVDC backbone," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    2. Saeed Habibi & Ramin Rahimi & Mehdi Ferdowsi & Pourya Shamsi, 2021. "DC Bus Voltage Selection for a Grid-Connected Low-Voltage DC Residential Nanogrid Using Real Data with Modified Load Profiles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Rémy Cleenwerck & Hakim Azaioud & Majid Vafaeipour & Thierry Coosemans & Jan Desmet, 2023. "Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging in an AC and DC Microgrid: A Comparative Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Oscar Danilo Montoya & Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña & Jesús C. Hernández, 2023. "Efficient Day-Ahead Dispatch of Photovoltaic Sources in Monopolar DC Networks via an Iterative Convex Approximation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    5. Seung-Taek Lim & Ki-Yeon Lee & Dong-Ju Chae & Sung-Hun Lim, 2022. "Design of Mid-Point Ground with Resistors and Capacitors in Mono-Polar LVDC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-20, November.
    6. Gaurav Kumar Roy & Marco Pau & Ferdinanda Ponci & Antonello Monti, 2021. "A Two-Step State Estimation Algorithm for Hybrid AC-DC Distribution Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-21, April.

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