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Energy and power quality measurement for electrical distribution in AC and DC microgrid buildings

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  • Gerber, Daniel L.
  • Ghatpande, Omkar A.
  • Nazir, Moazzam
  • Heredia, Willy G. Bernal
  • Feng, Wei
  • Brown, Richard E.

Abstract

Today’s selection of DC microgrid buildings features a diverse set of electrical topologies and turnkey solutions, each with specific design trade-offs and optimizations. Designers desperately need standardized metrics and procedures for measurement and verification (M&V) to analyze and compare the advantages of each DC solution to traditional AC building networks. This work develops M&V procedures for quantifying and comparing the energy efficiency and power quality in buildings. To calculate full-building efficiency, this work introduces the measurement-informed modeling method, a procedure that develops and refines a building’s energy model with metered data. To quantify power quality, this work defines a new voltage quality index that applies to both AC and DC buildings. This article describes the equipment, instrumentation, and operation necessary to calculate the efficiency and power quality. It then demonstrates these methods with a set of field tests. These M&V procedures can ultimately be used to compare and improve the efficiency and power quality of various DC topologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerber, Daniel L. & Ghatpande, Omkar A. & Nazir, Moazzam & Heredia, Willy G. Bernal & Feng, Wei & Brown, Richard E., 2022. "Energy and power quality measurement for electrical distribution in AC and DC microgrid buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:308:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921015658
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118308
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Hasan Erteza Gelani & Faizan Dastgeer & Mashood Nasir & Sidra Khan & Josep M. Guerrero, 2021. "AC vs. DC Distribution Efficiency: Are We on the Right Path?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-26, July.
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    8. Van den Broeck, Giel & Stuyts, Jeroen & Driesen, Johan, 2018. "A critical review of power quality standards and definitions applied to DC microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 281-288.
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    3. Zhou, Liwei & Preindl, Matthias, 2023. "Reconfigurable hybrid micro-grid with standardized power module for high performance energy conversion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
    4. Xiao, Xianyong & Zhang, Mingshun & Yang, Ruohuan & Chen, Xiaoyuan & Zheng, Zixuan, 2024. "Superconducting magnetic energy storage based modular interline dynamic voltage restorer for renewable-based MTDC network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    5. Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Shang, Yitong & Shao, Ziyun & Jia, Youwei & Jian, Linni, 2022. "Electric vehicles integration and vehicle-to-grid operation in active distribution grids: A comprehensive review on power architectures, grid connection standards and typical applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    6. Gerber, Daniel L. & Nordman, Bruce & Brown, Richard & Poon, Jason, 2023. "Cost analysis of distributed storage in AC and DC microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    7. Ferahtia, Seydali & Rezk, Hegazy & Olabi, A.G. & Alhumade, Hesham & Bamufleh, Hisham S. & Doranehgard, Mohammad Hossein & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2022. "Optimal techno-economic multi-level energy management of renewable-based DC microgrid for commercial buildings applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    8. Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad Rawi & Rahimi Baharom & Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi, 2024. "Uninterruptible Power Supply Topology Based on Single-Phase Matrix Converter with Active Power Filter Functionality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-36, July.

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