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Structural Evolution and Enhanced Piezoelectric Activity in Novel Lead-Free BaTiO 3 -Ca(Sn 1/2 Zr 1/2 )O 3 Solid Solutions

Author

Listed:
  • Ke Zhang

    (School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Pan Gao

    (School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Chang Liu

    (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Xin Chen

    (School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Xinye Huang

    (School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Yongping Pu

    (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China)

  • Zenghui Liu

    (Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

Abstract

In this study, a series of solid solutions of (1− x )BaTiO 3 - x Ca(Sn 1/2 Zr 1/2 )O 3 (abbreviated as (1− x )BT- x CSZ, x = 0.00–0.15) ceramics have been prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method to search for high performance lead-free piezoelectric materials. The structural evolution, microstructure, and piezoelectric properties are investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the phase symmetry strongly depends on the CSZ content. A tetragonal phase is well-maintained in the compositions of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.03, and coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phases is obtained in the range of x = 0.06–0.09, beyond which a pure cubic phase becomes stable. More importantly, a significantly enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of d 33 = 388 ± 9 pC/N is attained in the composition of x = 0.06 in the MPB region, where a tetragonal ferroelectric phase and an ergodic relaxor phase with average cubic symmetry coexist. Based on the analysis of crystal structure and dielectric properties, a temperature-composition phase diagram consisting of four phase regions is established. This study indicates that the lead-free BT-CSZ binary system has great potential for use in electromechanical transducer applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Ke Zhang & Pan Gao & Chang Liu & Xin Chen & Xinye Huang & Yongping Pu & Zenghui Liu, 2022. "Structural Evolution and Enhanced Piezoelectric Activity in Novel Lead-Free BaTiO 3 -Ca(Sn 1/2 Zr 1/2 )O 3 Solid Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-11, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:20:p:7795-:d:949268
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael J. McFarland & Matt E. Hauer & Aaron Reuben, 2022. "Half of US population exposed to adverse lead levels in early childhood," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 119(11), pages 2118631119-, March.
    2. Huaxiang Fu & Ronald E. Cohen, 2000. "Polarization rotation mechanism for ultrahigh electromechanical response in single-crystal piezoelectrics," Nature, Nature, vol. 403(6767), pages 281-283, January.
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